Turkey’s 2023 Energy Strategies and Investment Opportunities for Renewable Energy Sources: Site Selection Based on ELECTRE

Abstract

In Turkey, current energy generations are not sufficient for the existing energy needs and besides, energy demand is expected to increase by 4–6 percent annually until 2023. Therefore, the government aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy resources (RES) in total installed capacity to 30 percent by 2023. By this date, total energy investments are expected to be approximately $110 billion. Turkey is the fastest growing energy market among the OECD countries. Therefore, Turkey is an attractive market for energy companies and investors. At this stage, site selection and deciding appropriate RES are the most important feasibility parameters for investment. In this study, “Site Selection in Turkey” issue for RES (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass) is evaluated by the ELECTRE which is one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. In addition, the reasons for choosing this method are explained according to the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of energy generation from renewable and sustainable sources and is concerned with improving the position of the country. The Turkish government offers many purchasing guarantees and high incentives, especially in the renewable energy sector. As a result of the analysis, the most suitable energy sources are presented according to the geography and energy potential of the regions. The study aims to inform energy firms and everyone related with RES about Turkey’s RES opportunities.

Assessment of Energy Systems Using Extended Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy VIKOR, and TOPSIS Approaches to Manage Non-Cooperative Opinions

“…Figure 1. Flow chart for the energy systems selection decision procedure The criteria set used for multi criteria GDM, conducted for selection of energy systems [6,13,15,18,22,24,26,29,32,36,40] in different countries, is given in Table 1. Table 2 shows the scores used for the assessment of fuzzy linguistic terms.…”

“…These conflicting parameters need to reach a consensus for accomplishing a common agreement between the decision-makers to select the best alternative energy systems. The agreement and/or consensus aims to reduce the discussions [16] and facilitate GDM faster for processing with minimum amendments [17] to develop energy strategies and investment opportunities for renewable energy sources using ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité) [18] and new consensus models with non-homogeneous experts [19].In light of these complications, fuzzy set theory might be useful for undertaking challenging assessment and consensus problems of energy systems, when the linguistic variables and terms…”

“…A detailed comparison of fuzzy VIKOR with PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation), ELECTRE, and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preferences by Similarity to Idle Solution) has been presented in many papers [21][22][23]. The GDM methods for applicability and adaptability using the ELECTRE approach for location planning and selection are presented in [18]. The aim of this study is to integrate fuzzy AHP, fuzzy VIKOR, and TOPSIS methodologies to determine the best alternative energy sources for future investment in Saudi Arabia.…”

Renewable Energy Problems: Exploring the Methods to Support the Decision-Making Process

“…This rising electricity demand is being met by less carbon-intensive technologies [8]. Therefore, government policy development aims to increment the percentage of renewable energy resources by approximately 30% in total installed capacity by 2023 [24]. This scenario motivates researchers about the choice of renewable energy sources.…”

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Selecting Wind Energy Power Plant Locations

“…Several zones were identified for the offshore wind power plant based on the developed methodology. Erdin and Ozkaya [46] used elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE), an MCDM approach, to select a site for any type of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydroelectricity, in Turkey. The objective was to show the energy firms the potential of the different regions in Turkey as renewable energy sources.…”