Turkey Muscle Growth and Focal Myopathy

Wilson, Barry W.; Nieberg, Pamela S.; Buhr, R. J.; Kelly, Barry; Shultz, Fred T.

doi:10.3382/ps.0691553

Cited by 120 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…An over-expressed pectoral hypertrophy or even muscle membrane damage was also hypothesised on the basis of the over one-magnitude increase of the serum CK activity. Moreover, Wilson et al (1990) also reported higher CK activities in a rapidly growing turkey line, as compared to a slower growing one. Accordingly, as a consequence of highly intensive muscular hypertrophy, male turkeys exhibit demonstrable skeletal muscle membrane damage, as also reported by Mills et al (1998) in turkeys, reaching CK activity values over 20,000 IU/L at the slaughter age.…”

Section: Serum Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These mainly include the so-called focal myopathy and the deep pectoral myopathy, the first occurring in the m. pectoralis superficialis while the latter in the m. pectoralis profundus of turkeys (Harper et al, 1983). According to Wilson et al (1990) and Mills et al (1998), the incidence of PSE-(pale, soft, exudative) type turkey meat is also increasing, mainly in white, glycolytic-type muscles, as a consequence of rapid growth and muscle development. Metabolic disorders of growing incidence suggest that the progressive selection for muscle production compromises the overall health status of meat-type birds (Emmans and Kyriazakis, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Szabó¹,

Mézes²,

Horn³

et al. 2005

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Blood serum clinical biochemical parameters of fasted BUT Big 8 male turkeys were determined at the ages of 3 days, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, for a follow-up of the developmental changes of some serum metabolites, enzymes and ions. The serum protein content (total protein, albumin, globulin) increased with age, indicating also the moulting-associated metabolic changes in the age interval from the 8th to the 12th weeks. Creatinine was shown to have a peak at 3 days of age (role of muscle activity in thermogenesis), while urate concentration sensitively reflected the dietary protein amount. Serum triglycerides peaked at the time of yolk catabolism, while cholesterol was shown to indicate the moulting, as was serum malondialdehyde. Serum sodium content increased throughout the study. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities increased along the ontogeny, while alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in parallel with the growth. Serum creatine kinase activity showed an over one-magnitude increase. General metabolic and enzymatic alterations were characteristic and applicable for the description of the ontogenetic development of a precocial (posthatch triglyceride peak), large bodied, meat-type (lactate dehydrogenase, continuously increasing creatine kinase) bird species.

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Section: Serum Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Szabó¹,

Mézes²,

Horn³

et al. 2005

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…In fact, despite being normally composed by white fibres (αW), rabbit Biceps femoris muscle presenting giant fibres was found to exhibit increased percentages and area of red fibres (βR), which were positively correlated to higher ultimate pH values. Giant cells were thought to arise from hypercontracted individual fibres (Dutson et al 1978;Sink et al 1986;Sosnicki 1987), to be a sign of myopathy (Sosnicki 1987) and fibres being in a degenerative, pre-necrotic stage (Cullen et al 1979;Wegner and Ender 1990;Wilson et al 1990). In any case, GF were correlated with poor meat quality in pigs (Essen-Gustavsson 1995;Fiedler et al 1999Fiedler et al , 2004.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of "Wooden Breast" appearance on poultry meat quality, histological traits, and lesions characterization

Zotte¹,

Tasoniero²,

Puolanne³

et al. 2017

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Dalle Zotte A., Tasoniero G., Puolanne E., Remignon H., Cecchinato M., Catelli E., Cullere M. (2017): Effect of "Wooden Breast" appearance on poultry meat quality, histological traits, and lesions characterization. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 51-57.The purposes of the study were to investigate the effects of Wooden Breast (WB) myodegeneration on poultry meat quality and to give a contribution in typing lesions morphology. At a poultry meat cutting facility, 474 carcasses of a high-breast-yield hybrid chickens were inspected for WB condition, and 30 normal (N) and 30 affected (WB) breast fillets (Pectoralis major) were randomly selected. The WB condition represented 53.2% of the examined carcasses. Weight, cross sectional area (CSA), pH, L*, a*, b* colour values, water-holding capacity, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined. Samples were also visually and histologically evaluated. Affected samples were heavier, thicker, paler (P < 0.001), and characterized by palpatory hardness and lower water holding capacity (P < 0.05). Macroscopically, abnormalities were primarily localized in the cranial portion of the fillet and defined by the presence of bulges, petechiae, fluid and clear exudate, and higher pH. Microscopically, the WB condition was characterized by muscle fibres with greater CSA (P < 0.001) and higher giant fibres prevalence (P < 0.01). Data suggest a relationship between breast weight and WB condition.

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“…Creatine kinase is also an indicator of the intensive growth and damage of muscles (Hagiwara et al, 1989). Its higher activity in turkeys of fastgrowing lines, compared to the slow-growing birds, has already been proved as an indicator of the response to physical stress and muscle strain (Wilson et al, 1990;Kowalski et al, 2002). The very high activity of the intracellular enzymes, including mainly aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, observed in our study in FG turkeys, may -as reported by Menon et al (2013) be a symptom of rhabdomyolysis, i.e., migration of muscle cell components to the blood stream as a result of muscle tissue degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genotype on hematological and serum biochemical responses of turkey hens to stress

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Stress accompanying animal production is both an indicator of welfare and a factor that affects economic parameters. Dynamic development of alternative poultry production systems such as outdoor, free range or ecological, strives to achieve best-quality products and to improve the living conditions of birds. Apart from the type and intensity of the external stimuli, the response to stress is determined genetically. Poultry rearing in the aforementioned systems requires selecting the appropriate genotype of birds, often including crosses of fast-growing and slow-growing lines. The objective of this study was to demonstrate differences in the physiological response to stress of fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) turkeys and their crosses: SF (SG × FG) and FS (FG × SG), based on hematological and biochemical blood analyses. Blood was sampled from 30 turkey hens from each of four genotypes, aged 14 weeks, subjected to standard pre-slaughter handling procedures. Compared to FG and FS turkeys, the SG and SF birds had a high total protein concentration, a higher heterophil (H ) / lymphocyte (L) ratio and a higher concentration of cortisol. In turn, the FG turkeys had the highest activity of enzymes: alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase. Conversely, the FS turkeys had the highest concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDLC) and the lowest concentration of cortisol. Significant positive effects of crossing were reported for total protein, cholinesterase and cortisol. Effects of crossbreeding on the percentage of H , concentrations of total cholesterol, and LDLC and activity of aspartate transaminase in blood of the crosses were significant but negative and more dependent on the sire line. Except for albumins, whose concentration in blood of crosses was higher compared to birds of pure lines, there were no advantages of heterosis. Negative heterosis was estimated for creatinine, the enzymes alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, and for cortisol. The most similar regarding creatinine, bilirubin, albumins, total protein, H , L and H / L were the FS and SF groups. The greatest differences were in the following parameters: triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDLC), LDLC, glucose and lactate, which occurred between the pure lines of turkeys. Study results demonstrate various responses to stress in the analyzed groups of turkeys, with the level of stress measured with hematological and biological blood markers being mostly determined by additive genetic variation, and to a lesser extent by the maternal and sire effects.

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Turkey Muscle Growth and Focal Myopathy

Cited by 120 publications

References 16 publications

Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Effect of "Wooden Breast" appearance on poultry meat quality, histological traits, and lesions characterization

Effects of genotype on hematological and serum biochemical responses of turkey hens to stress

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