Turbulent flow energy for aerosolization of powder particles

Gac, Jakub M.; Sosnowski, Tomasz R.; Gradoń, Leon

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.10.006

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…However, as discussed in Gac et al (2008), resuspended particle aggregates are often broken apart due to stresses imparted to the aggregate by turbulent eddies. By increasing turbulence in their wind tunnel, Gac et al (2008) noticed a decrease in the size of the resuspended particles, suggesting enhanced deaggregation of the resuspended aggregates due to higher levels of turbulence. Kurkela et al (2006) also found particle deaggregation to increase with increasing Reynolds number of the airflow.…”

Section: Aggregate Resuspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we transition from a sparse monolayer to a complex multilayer deposit, additional parameters begin to influence resuspension, most notably particle-to-particle adhesion (Lazaridis and Drossinos 1998); layer location (Lazaridis and Drossinos 1998;Friess and Yadigaroglu 2001); aggregate formation and deaggregation (Matsusaka and Masuda 1996;Kurkela et al 2006;Gac et al 2008;Gotoh et al 2011); possible saltation effects (Bagnold 1941;Shao et al 1993;Kok et al 2012); dust loading (Fromentin 1989;Nitschke and Schmidt 2010); and the deposit's structure and porosity (Friess and Yadigaroglu 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolayer and Multilayer Particle Deposits on Hard Surfaces: Literature Review and Implications for Particle Resuspension in the Indoor Environment

Boor

Siegel

Novoselac

2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle deposits on indoor surfaces can be as complex and diverse as the indoor environments in which they exist. Dust loading can range over several orders of magnitude, suggesting the existence of different types of particle deposits. These deposits can be broadly classified as either a monolayer, in which particles are sparsely deposited on a surface, or a multilayer, in which particles are deposited on top of one another and there is particle-toparticle adhesion and interaction. Particles within these diverse structures of settled indoor dust can become airborne through a process known as resuspension, which can occur due to airflow in ventilation ducts or human activity indoors. The dust loading and deposit structure on an indoor surface may have important implications for resuspension in the indoor environment. This literature review provides a summary of dust loads found on indoor surfaces in field studies and classifies each dust load as either a monolayer or multilayer particle deposit. The article highlights the unique attributes associated with resuspension from both types of particle deposits by summarizing key findings of the experimental resuspension literature. The fundamental differences in the resuspension process between monolayer and multilayer deposits suggest that resuspension may vary considerably among the broad spectrum of dust loads found on indoor surfaces.

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Section: Aggregate Resuspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolayer and Multilayer Particle Deposits on Hard Surfaces: Literature Review and Implications for Particle Resuspension in the Indoor Environment

Boor

Siegel

Novoselac

2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Only a few modeling and experimental wind tunnel studies have explored multilayer resuspension, including those by Fromentin (1989), Matsusaka and Masuda (1996), Lazaridis and Drossinos (1998), Chiou and Tsai (2001), Friess and Yadigaroglu (2001), Friess and Yadigaroglu (2002), Gac et al (2008), and Nitschke and Schmidt (2010), among others. Collectively, these studies have identified several unique characteristics associated with resuspension from multilayer deposits, including the following:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• There are reduced adhesion forces between spherical particles compared with that between a particle and a flat deposition surface (Lazaridis and Drossinos 1998). • Resuspension often occurs in the form of larger particle aggregates, which, when airborne, can subsequently break apart due to forces imparted by turbulent bursts (Matsusaka and Masuda 1996;Kurkela et al 2006;Gac et al 2008;Gotoh et al 2011). • Enhanced resuspension may occur due to possible saltation effects (Bagnold 1941;Fairchild and Tillery 1982;Shao et al 1993;Kok et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Tunnel Study on Aerodynamic Particle Resuspension from Monolayer and Multilayer Deposits on Linoleum Flooring and Galvanized Sheet Metal

Boor

Siegel

Novoselac

2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Resuspension is an important source of indoor particles and the amount of dust loading is an important factor in resuspension emission rates. Field studies have shown that light to heavy dust loads can be found in the indoor environment, on both the surfaces of flooring and ventilation ducts. These diverse particle deposits can be broadly classified as either a monolayer, in which particles are sparsely deposited on a surface, or a multilayer, in which particles are deposited on top of one another and there is particle-to-particle adhesion and interaction. This experimental wind tunnel study explores the role of the type of particle deposit on aerodynamic resuspension from linoleum flooring and galvanized sheet metal. Resuspension fractions are reported for both monolayer and multilayer deposits exposed to a wide range of air velocities. The type of particle deposit is found to strongly influence resuspension. In general, the results show that resuspension from multilayer deposits can occur at significantly lower velocities compared with monolayer deposits. For example, resuspension fractions at an air velocity of 5 m/s for the canopy layer of multilayer deposits were similar to those found for monolayer deposits at 50 m/s. Additionally, for multilayer deposits, resuspension fractions for the canopy layer increased with increasing dust load and negligible resuspension occurred along the surface layer. It was found that the relationship between the particle deposit height and the viscous sublayer thickness of the airflow can help explain the differences in resuspension that were observed between the two types of deposits. The impact of the type of particle deposit on

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“…In all such devices it is necessary to maximize the transfer of airflow energy to the powder, possibly without useless dissipation. This can be effectively done by the creation-in a logical way-of local turbulence or other effects such as flow focusing or fluctuations (Gac J. et al, 2008;Sosnowski T.R. et al, 2014).…”

Section: Inhaler Design and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Powder Particles and Technologies for Medicine Delivery to the Respiratory System: Challenges and Opportunities

Sosnowski¹

2018

KONA

Self Cite

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The paper discusses essential engineering challenges related to the application of powder medicines for pulmonary delivery as inhaled aerosol. Starting from a physically based description of the complexity of aerosol dynamics inside the respiratory system, the paper discusses several technical factors responsible for efficient drug delivery to the lungs: (i) interparticle interactions-which can be tuned by selection and control of powder manufacturing methods, (ii) inhaler design-as a determinant of flow dynamics through the inhaling device and degree of powder dispersion, (iii) the dynamics of inhalation in a given inhaler-which is related to patient-device interaction. Basic information on the standard (compendial) methods of the quantitative evaluation of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are presented with a special focus on the correct data interpretation and the consequences for in vivo-in vitro correlation (IVIVC) problems. Some issues regarding the development of inhalation products (including generics) are also briefly highlighted. Finally, possible strategies of powder particle functionalization to obtain the required bioavailability are outlined on the basis of knowledge on the physicochemical interactions of inhaled particles with the lung fluids.

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Turbulent flow energy for aerosolization of powder particles

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Monolayer and Multilayer Particle Deposits on Hard Surfaces: Literature Review and Implications for Particle Resuspension in the Indoor Environment

Monolayer and Multilayer Particle Deposits on Hard Surfaces: Literature Review and Implications for Particle Resuspension in the Indoor Environment

Wind Tunnel Study on Aerodynamic Particle Resuspension from Monolayer and Multilayer Deposits on Linoleum Flooring and Galvanized Sheet Metal

Powder Particles and Technologies for Medicine Delivery to the Respiratory System: Challenges and Opportunities

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