Abstract:As an initial analysis, numerical simulation has more advantages in saving time and costs regarding experiments. For example, variations in flow conditions and geometry can be adjusted easily to obtain results. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, such as the k-ε model, renormalization group (RNG) k-ε model and reynolds stress model (RSM), are widely used to conduct research on different objects and conditions. Choosing the appropriate model helps produce and develop constant values. Modeling studies as… Show more
“…The comparative study of the Standard k-ε with RNG k-ε and RSM was conducted to analyse the turbulence properties such as k, ε, and eddy viscosity. This study found that the Standard k-ε gave an effective prediction about the pressure and velocity of air in the wind tunnel as studied by Ramdlan et al, [22]. Whereas in case of cross flow turbine nozzle, Pujowidodo et al, [23] found that the RSM model has a good agreement than standard k-ε and RNG k-ε.…”
Convergent-Divergent (CD) nozzle of a compressible fluid is a common device to accelerate fluid flow to a higher supersonic speed and to direct or modify the fluid flow. CD nozzle has been applied in wide range of fluid equipment such as turbine power, chemical mixing equipment, turbojet engine, and rocket. The performance of CD nozzle is strongly affected by its geometry at certain pressure ratio and the flow characteristic. In the case of complicated flow phenomena within a supersonic flow, especially in the turbulence flow, many studies use the computational simulation to obtain the detailed behavior and properties of flow. However, the k-epsilon turbulence model has limitations in predicting the effect of dissipation due to the viscous friction. This study aims to propose the new modified k-ε turbulence model in planar-curvature Convergent-Divergent (CD) nozzle of a compressible fluid. Two equations model of modified Standard k-ε for predicting the compressible flow within planar-curvature CD nozzle was discussed. The simulation model was run in 2D and steady, while fluid was assumed as an ideal gas with domain size was 0.65 m length, 0.071 m width. In addition, it has been discretized in 3510 structured independent grid cells. The results depicted that in the divergent section of the nozzle (supersonic region), the fluid expansion caused the change in fluid parameters such as time-average of pressure, temperature, density, and velocity. This study found that the expanded cross-sectional area with non-symmetrical planar curvature affected the turbulence behavior and properties. Furthermore, the new modified constants of c2 in dissipation equation and cμ of eddy viscosity model could give a better prediction than the original constant of the k-ε turbulence model.
“…The comparative study of the Standard k-ε with RNG k-ε and RSM was conducted to analyse the turbulence properties such as k, ε, and eddy viscosity. This study found that the Standard k-ε gave an effective prediction about the pressure and velocity of air in the wind tunnel as studied by Ramdlan et al, [22]. Whereas in case of cross flow turbine nozzle, Pujowidodo et al, [23] found that the RSM model has a good agreement than standard k-ε and RNG k-ε.…”
Convergent-Divergent (CD) nozzle of a compressible fluid is a common device to accelerate fluid flow to a higher supersonic speed and to direct or modify the fluid flow. CD nozzle has been applied in wide range of fluid equipment such as turbine power, chemical mixing equipment, turbojet engine, and rocket. The performance of CD nozzle is strongly affected by its geometry at certain pressure ratio and the flow characteristic. In the case of complicated flow phenomena within a supersonic flow, especially in the turbulence flow, many studies use the computational simulation to obtain the detailed behavior and properties of flow. However, the k-epsilon turbulence model has limitations in predicting the effect of dissipation due to the viscous friction. This study aims to propose the new modified k-ε turbulence model in planar-curvature Convergent-Divergent (CD) nozzle of a compressible fluid. Two equations model of modified Standard k-ε for predicting the compressible flow within planar-curvature CD nozzle was discussed. The simulation model was run in 2D and steady, while fluid was assumed as an ideal gas with domain size was 0.65 m length, 0.071 m width. In addition, it has been discretized in 3510 structured independent grid cells. The results depicted that in the divergent section of the nozzle (supersonic region), the fluid expansion caused the change in fluid parameters such as time-average of pressure, temperature, density, and velocity. This study found that the expanded cross-sectional area with non-symmetrical planar curvature affected the turbulence behavior and properties. Furthermore, the new modified constants of c2 in dissipation equation and cμ of eddy viscosity model could give a better prediction than the original constant of the k-ε turbulence model.
“…Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) employs sophisticated algorithms to predict various fluid phenomena, making it a vital tool for analyzing fluid flows, including turbulence, heat transfer, particle dispersion, phase changes, and chemical reactions [1][2][3][4]. Researchers and practitioners extensively utilize CFD to optimize equipment performance, investigate failures, and improve operational parameters [5][6][7][8].…”
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is extensively utilized to predict flow behaviour in various industries and applications. The Full Order Model (FOM) is a high-accuracy approach to flow modelling, but it requires significant computational resources due to its high order and thousands of variables. To address this problem, the Reduced Order Model (ROM) was developed. Despite the advancement brought by ROM, there is a notable gap in research concerning the impact of mesh configuration on CFD-ROM results. While the number of modes has been extensively studied for its influence on CFD-ROM, the mesh configuration, a critical aspect of the simulation process, has received relatively limited attention. This study investigates the effect of mesh resolution on numerical results in CFD-ROM concerning turbulent flow within stationary parallel plates. Employing rigorous methods, including Richardson Extrapolation, verification, validation, and error percentage. The results explicitly confirm that mesh resolution directly impacts the numerical results of the velocity field in CFD-ROM. It is found that there is a notable reduction in Convergence Grid Index (CGI) values for different mesh ratios: 6.401% for medium-to-coarse and 2.031% for fine-to-medium ratio. Thus, with the same mode number, mesh resolution selection can enhance the numerical result of the velocity field in CFD-ROM.
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