Turbulence intensity in an electrochemical cell: Effect on reactor performance

Bannari, Abdelfettah; Cirtiu, Ciprian Mihai; Kerdouss, Fouzi; Proulx, Pierre; Ménard, Hugues

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2005.11.007

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For ECH, chemisorbed hydrogen, (H)M, must be on the surface of a catalyst, M, for surface-mediated hydrogenation. The Ménard and the Navarro groups suggested the mechanisms of ECH for unsaturated organic compounds, − and modified reactions for the specific case of ECH of FF are shown below. In acidic electrolytes, the chemisorbed hydrogen is formed according to reaction and is formed according to reaction in alkaline electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Furfural and the Impact of Homogeneous Side Reactions of Furanic Compounds in Acidic Electrolytes

Jung

Biddinger

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

102

174

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The electrochemical hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis (ECH) of furfural (FF) on a copper electrocatalyst has been investigated to produce biofuels and fine chemicals in an H-type batch reactor at room temperature. We report a systematic study of ECH of FF to gain a better understanding of the relationships between products and reaction conditions: current density, electrolyte, and cosolvent ratio in acidic solutions. The acidity of electrolytes had the most significant impact on the product distribution. Mildly acidic electrolytes mainly produced furfuryl alcohol (FA), while strongly acidic electrolytes produced both 2-methyl furan (MF) and FA. Also, the yield of products depended on the current density and reaction time when equivalent charge was transferred to the reaction. However, the mole balance accounting for FF, MF, and FA was not higher than 70% in any reaction condition when the theoretical amount of electrons for complete MF production from FF (e–/FF = 4) was transferred to the system. The investigation of nonelectrochemical homogeneous side reactions suggested that the low mole balance in a mildly acidic electrolyte may be from the charge transfer promoted side reactions on the copper electrode. On the other hand, it was shown that the low mole balance in strongly acidic electrolytes was due to homogeneous side reactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Furfural and the Impact of Homogeneous Side Reactions of Furanic Compounds in Acidic Electrolytes

Jung

Biddinger

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

102

174

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“…In the case of the described simulations, despite the low Reynolds numbers in the cell, there may be local turbulences. This has already been reported in the literature (Brown et al, 1993;Bannari et al, 2006), so as the Reynolds number increases, the hypothesis of laminar flow is no longer valid and solutions should be found in the turbulence regime. The model of turbulence used is the realizable kepsilon model developed by Shih et al (1994), this is a semi-empirical model based on transport equations of the kinetic turbulent energy (k) and its rate of dissipation (ε).…”

Section: Physicsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Redox Cell Hydrodynamics Modelling – Simulation and Experimental Validation

Gonzalez

Alberola

Jiménez

2013

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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An electrochemical reactor is an assembly capable of withstanding an electrochemical reaction of practical application. It consists of electrodes surrounded by a volume of liquid electrolyte. Major difficulty and challenge involved in this modeling is the fact that real experimentation with high acid flows is extremely difficult to perform. To overcome them, some assumptions are proposed in order to achieve a computational model suitable to be used as virtual laboratory for redox batteries designers. A model is proposed to analyze the flow of the liquid electrolyte in an electrochemical reactor. Numerical and experimental analyses of such flow in a prototype of a real reactor are proposed. Good hydraulic behaviors will be shown in the majority of the volume, even if there are zones with practically no velocities or with recirculations. These volumes are used to define the parameters that indicate the hydraulic operation. This article describes the experimental and numerical modeling applied to a particular Iron Flow Cell prototype. The experimental validation has shown little numerical errors, smaller than 2.25%. This methodological research provides a very powerful calibrated tool which will help engineers in the future in decisionmaking in order to optimize real designs.

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“…In M region with flow rate of 50 l/h the Reynolds number is around 123. Nevertheless, in the inlet geometry the Reynolds number is 2398, so that turbulence may appear in the inlet redox cell and I and E regions (Brown, et al, 1993;Bannari, et al, 2006). In this case, despite of the low Reynolds number in the membrane area, turbulence occurs in the inlet and outlet redox cell geometries so, the most convenient solution is using the k -ε turbulence model (EscuderoGonzález, et al, 2013).…”

Section: Cfd Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Redox Cell Hydrodynamic Modelling: Towards Real Improved Geometry Based on CFD Analysis

Escudero-González

Jiménez

2014

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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Redox cell is an assembly consisting of electrodes surrounded by a volume of electrolyte (liquid). The redox cell device stores electrical energy with full of high acid flows and this acidity causes big difficulties for physical modeling. To overcome this problem, numerical and experimental analysis of those flows in a real redox cell have been developed and here described. A methodology to improve redox cell performance based on the analysis of the electrolyte flow is proposed. Improvements in the flow uniformity are achieved by means of the definition of some designed parameters based on CFD analysis. The depicted methodology is applied to a specific redox cell geometry for improving authors´ previous designs. This article quantifies parameters for this particular case and the proposed improvements. The considered CFD model is also validated with experimental data using a real scale cell built in transparent material. The convergence between experimental and numerical results is fairly good. Finally, the geometry designed based on this proposed methodology presents 0% dead zones or recirculations in the membrane area, which will definitely improve the overall interchange efficiency of the cell. This validated methodology is presented for a real future design strategy of these sorts of devices.

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Turbulence intensity in an electrochemical cell: Effect on reactor performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Furfural and the Impact of Homogeneous Side Reactions of Furanic Compounds in Acidic Electrolytes

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Furfural and the Impact of Homogeneous Side Reactions of Furanic Compounds in Acidic Electrolytes

Redox Cell Hydrodynamics Modelling – Simulation and Experimental Validation

Redox Cell Hydrodynamic Modelling: Towards Real Improved Geometry Based on CFD Analysis

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