Turbulence and diffusion in the wake of a building

Munn, R.E.; Cole, A. F. W.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(67)90106-0

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It is necessary to describe aerosol aerodynamic properties to define inhalation hazards accurately and to predict performance of air-cleaning equipment. Previous work using the conifuge has been reported by Sawyer and Walton (1950), Keith and Derrick (1960), Tillery (1967), andMoss (1971).…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Clarke (1965) also commented on the significance of this ratio and the importance of having a large exhaust velocity. Munn and Cole (1967) released a fluorescent tracer, uranine dye, from an actual building exhaust stack and measured concentrations 500-1000 ft downwind. Likewise, Turk et al (1968) released SF6, the tracer used in the present experiment, from an actual building stack and measured concentrations 650-1000 meters downwind.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental characterization of ventilation systems in buildings

Drivas¹,

Simmonds²,

Shair³

1972

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Tracer experiments, involving sulfur hexafluoride, were used to obtain quantitative data regarding actual residence time distributions in rooms and hallways, and contamination caused by reentry of laboratory fume hood exhausts into a building. Application of a mixing factor, k, was found to be of use, and measured values ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 in small rooms without fans. One experiment involved a roof exhaust with ventilation intakes both on an adjoining roof and at ground level; in this experiment more of the exhaust reentered the ground level intake of the same building as compared to the roof intake of an adjoining building. In another experiment, 20% of the fumes exhausted were found to reenter the ventilation system.

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Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of ventilation systems in buildings

Drivas¹,

Simmonds²,

Shair³

1972

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Other materials, including fluorescent dyes, smoke plumes, oil fogs, and antimony oxide, have been used as tracers although the "public relations" issues with releasing tracer materials have increased over time. Munn and Cole (1967), for example, used a fluorescent uranine dye particle to measure the dilution of a building exhaust. A time-weighted average concentration was obtained by filter collection of the tracer over a 20-min period.…”

Section: Measurement Of Reentrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reentry

2004

Ventilation for Control of the Work Environment

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

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“…Early experimental work related to the Split-H concept includes the wind tunnel and field studies of Davies and Moore (1964) and Martin (1965), and the field studies of Munn and Cole (1967). These studies identified the ratio between the vertical velocity of the vent exhaust and the horizontal wind speed as an important factor controlling the modes of plume interaction with building wakes.…”

Section: Experimental Basis For the Split-h Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wind tunnel studies of Meroney, Cermak and Chaudhry (1968) demonstrated that the frequency with which the mode of interaction changed was also a function of wind speed. Lawson (1967) used the data of Munn and Cole (1967) to develop a mathematical model describing the differences in expected ground-level concentrations in plumes released near building tops as a function of wind speed. Rodliffe and Fraser (1971) analyzed 41Ar data collected in the vicinity of the Hinkley Point "A" Nuclear Power Station in Great Britain, and developed a model that explicitly included the Split-H concept.…”

Section: Experimental Basis For the Split-h Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Split-H approach to modeling non-buoyant releases from vent stacks

Ramsdell¹

1983

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Position C.2.b of Regulatory Guide 1.111 describes an approach to modeling the diffusion of effluents from roof top vents and short stacks using an elevated plume model under some conditions and using a ground-level source building wake model under other conditions. The approach is sometimes called a Split-H model. This report: presents the results of an evaluation of the technical basis for and utility of the concept behind the Split-H model, outlines the development of an upgraded Split-H model using existing plume rise and building wake models, compares ground-level, annual average concentrations estimated using the upgraded model with those estimated using the Regulatory Guide Split-H model and a ground-level building wake model, and discusses alternatives to the Regulatory Guide position that the NRC may wish to consider. Concentration comparisons are made using model results for meteorological data from 18 nuclear power plant sites.Differences between annual average, ground-level concentration estimates made using the upgraded Split-H model and those made with the other two models for the same meteorological conditions are a function of the distance from the source and stack parameters including exit velocity and diameter. They are greatest near the source. For example, at a distance of 400 m and a stack flow rate of 31.4 m3/s, the average ratio between the upgraded model and the corresponding ground-level release model concentrations ranges from about 0.6 for a stack exit vertical velocity of 5 m/s to about 0.2 for an exit velocity of 20 m/s. When compared with concentrations estimated using the Regulatory Guide Split-H model, upgraded Split-H model concentration estimates at 400 m range from about a factor of 5 larger for low vertical velocity releases to about a factor of 3 larger for high vertical velocity releases. Individual differences of an order of magnitude or more were found in both comparisons.On a climatological basis, the reduction of ground-level concentrations that results from the use of the upgraded Split-H model in place of the groundlevel release model is described by an exponential function of the ratio between the average wind speed in a sector and the vertical velocity of the release. The decay parameter in the relationship is a function of the distance from the source and the flow rate in the stack. It ranges from about -0.1 for long ranges (6400 m) and low flow rates (15.7 m3/s) to about -0.8 for short ranges (400 m) and high flow rates (125.7 m3/s). iii • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people have contributed to the preparation of this report. The efforts of Clifford Glantz and the NRC Technical Monitor, James Fairobent are particularly noteworthy. Cliff assisted in the preparation of the data set used in the model comparisons, made the computer runs, and assisted in the analysis of the model output. Jim contributed to the work by providing encouragement and by highlighting the aspects of the work that are of particular interest to the NRC. Others, including

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Turbulence and diffusion in the wake of a building

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Experimental characterization of ventilation systems in buildings

Experimental characterization of ventilation systems in buildings

Reentry

Evaluation of the Split-H approach to modeling non-buoyant releases from vent stacks

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