“…Unfortunately, deriving closed forms is often a manual, analytical process. As a result, closed-formbased S-AQP systems [7,8,13,14,15,21,31] are restricted to very simple SQL queries (often with only a single layer of basic aggregates like AVG, SUM, COUNT, VARIANCE and STDEV with projections, filters, and a GROUP BY). This has motivated the use of resampling methods like the bootstrap [23,30], since these methods require no such detailed analysis and can be applied to arbitrarily complex SQL queries.…”