Turbidity shapes shallow Southwestern Atlantic benthic reef communities

Santana, Erika Flávia Crispim de; Mies, Miguel; Longo, Guilherme O.; Menezes, R.; Aued, Anaide W.; Luza, André Luís; Bender, Mariana G.; Segal, Bárbara; Floeter, Sergio R.; Francini‐Filho, Ronaldo B.

doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105807

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Moreover, threshold metrics are frequently modified by several other environmental variables that are seldom included in predictions made by threshold modeling studies. For example, large compilations of coral cover in Indonesia, Indian Ocean, and Southwest Atlantic show that nonthermal variables of dissolved calcium carbonate, oxygen concentrations, and turbidity in seawater are better predictors of coral cover than excess heat (DHWs) (McClanahan & Azali, 2021; Santana et al., 2023; Vercammen et al., 2019). Proxies of chronic and acute thermal stresses often perform better than DHWs when predicting bleaching and coral cover (Donovan et al., 2021; McClanahan & Azali, 2021; McClanahan, Darling, et al., 2020; McClanahan, Maina, et al., 2020; Vercammen et al., 2019).…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using more environmental metrics and proxies from satellites, one can gain a better understanding of the relationships between the environment and biodiversity at larger spatial scales (Pilowsky et al., 2022). Augmenting satellite‐based metrics with artificial intelligence and detailed local field studies that include coral taxa and life‐history dynamics should further improve predictions of climate refugia for coral reefs (van Woesik et al., 2012; Darling et al., 2019; Santana et al., 2023).…”

Section: Finding Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extending this portfolio to include locations with a mix of high coral cover, diversity, and adaptive potential in high‐exposure locations can include resistance and recovery locations in the next iteration of a global coral reef conservation strategy. This will require commitment to and funding of collaborative coral reef monitoring efforts to compile robust, standardized, and comparable empirical data sets of coral communities and their change over time and modern statistical evaluations, such as machine learning algorithms, that can account for the diversity of environmental variables available from remotely sensed satellite data (McClanahan & Azali, 2021; Santana et al., 2023; Vercammen et al., 2019). Moreover, including coral taxa and life‐history resolution in environmental niche models may also provide insights into the locations of resistance and recovery refugia for coral reefs (Cacciapaglia & van Woesik, 2015, 2016).…”

Section: Finding Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification of refugia types needed to secure the future of coral reefs subject to climate change

McClanahan

Darling

Beger

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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Identifying locations of refugia from the thermal stresses of climate change for coral reefs and better managing them is one of the key recommendations for climate change adaptation. We review and summarize approximately 30 years of applied research focused on identifying climate refugia to prioritize the conservation actions for coral reefs under rapid climate change. We found that currently proposed climate refugia and the locations predicted to avoid future coral losses are highly reliant on excess heat metrics, such as degree heating weeks. However, many existing alternative environmental, ecological, and life‐history variables could be used to identify other types of refugia that lead to the desired diversified portfolio for coral reef conservation. To improve conservation priorities for coral reefs, there is a need to evaluate and validate the predictions of climate refugia with long‐term field data on coral abundance, diversity, and functioning. There is also the need to identify and safeguard locations displaying resistance toprolonged exposure to heat waves and the ability to recover quickly after thermal exposure. We recommend using more metrics to identify a portfolio of potential refugia sites for coral reefs that can avoid, resist, and recover from exposure to high ocean temperatures and the consequences of climate change, thereby shifting past efforts focused on avoidance to a diversified risk‐spreading portfolio that can be used to improve strategic coral reef conservation in a rapidly warming climate.

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Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Finding Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Finding Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification of refugia types needed to secure the future of coral reefs subject to climate change

McClanahan

Darling

Beger

et al. 2023

Conservation Biology

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“…SST directly influences the metabolic processes, activity and growth of different marine taxa (Allen et al, 2002; Barneche et al, 2019; Brown et al, 2004), while the coastal (northern and southern regions) and oceanic island regions impose different conditions for organism dispersal, colonization and establishment, and exhibit environmental differences (Cord et al, 2022; Pinheiro et al, 2018). Alternatively, other environmental variables could influence functional diversity, such as turbidity—due to its influence on light irradiance and microhabitat conditions—(Cord et al, 2022; Santana et al, 2023), and species richness—a recognized proxy of biotic constraints on local functional diversity (Halpern & Floeter, 2008; Mason et al, 2008). We built different Bayesian models to verify the relative support of these concurrent hypotheses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversity patterns of reef fish, corals and algae in the Brazilian biogeographical province

Luza

Aued

Barneche

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Functional diversity encapsulates whole‐community responses to environmental gradients mediated by species traits. Under trait convergence, similar responses may cause distantly related taxa to exhibit spatially correlated functional diversity. We investigated whether similar responses of reef fish, coral and algal functional richness and disparity to the environment produce spatially correlated functional diversity patterns. Location Brazilian marine biogeographical province. Taxon Reef fish, corals, algae. Methods We analysed data from 40 coastal and oceanic sites distributed across 27 degrees of latitude in the Brazilian province. Using traits, we measured functional richness (FRic) and disparity (Rao's Q) and calculated Pearson's correlation (ρobs) between pairs of metrics and taxa. We used Bayesian multivariate linear models to model taxa functional richness and disparity relative to sea surface temperature (SST), turbidity, salinity, species richness and region, and to estimate the residual correlation (ρres) between metrics after accounting for these variables. Results The best fitted model contained SST, species richness and region, and explained about 56% of the variation in FRic and Rao's Q across taxa. Yet, FRic and Rao's Q of fish, algae and corals responded differently to environmental variables. Functional diversity metrics were less correlated between algae and corals than compared to fish. Observed correlations of FRic and Rao's Q were low to intermediate across taxa (average ρobs = 0.14), and residual correlations were even lower (average ρres = 0.02). Main conclusions SST, species richness and region had a widespread role in determining spatially congruent functional diversity offish, algae and corals across Brazilian reefs, despite their fundamentally different evolutionary histories. Low residual spatial correlations suggest that other mechanisms might also contribute to functional diversity patterns of reef taxa independently. Given the role of SST, species richness and region, the functional structure of these reefs might be compromised by climate change, pollution and overfishing.

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“…The presence of disturbance-tolerant species adapted to these local extreme factors (Knoppers et al, 1999;Dias et al, 2013;Soares et al, 2019) such as sponges (Bell et al, 2013), Ircinia strobilina, L. isodictyalis, S. ruetzleri and several species of the genera Haliclona (Rutzler et al, 2020), cnidarians, S. stellata (Leão et al, 2016;Barros et al, 2021), P. variabilis (Rabelo et al, 2013(Rabelo et al, , 2015, and ascidians reinforce this idea. Such resilience to turbidity and sedimentation has been observed in the identification of different stresstolerant and weedy species that compose these MAFs, which have characteristics of resistance to such disturbances (Cruz et al, 2018;Soares et al, 2021;Santana et al, 2023).…”

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confidence: 98%

Marine animal forests in turbid environments are overlooked seascapes in urban areas

et al. 2023

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Tropical reefs are of great ecological importance because they are biodiversity hubs (Gatwaza and Wang, 2021) hosting a variety of microorganisms, macroalgae, fauna (e.g., corals, sponges, reef fishes), and their interactions (Hughes et al., 2017). These seascapes act as nursery and feeding habitats for biomass maintenance in fisheries (McClanahan, 2020). In addition, they are also economically important because they contribute to tourism, human recreation, shoreline protection, and dissipating wave energy (Elliff and Kikuchi, 2017;Previero and Gasalla, 2018). However, owing to intense local, regional, and global human

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Turbidity shapes shallow Southwestern Atlantic benthic reef communities

Cited by 17 publications

References 95 publications

Diversification of refugia types needed to secure the future of coral reefs subject to climate change

Diversification of refugia types needed to secure the future of coral reefs subject to climate change

Functional diversity patterns of reef fish, corals and algae in the Brazilian biogeographical province

Marine animal forests in turbid environments are overlooked seascapes in urban areas

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