Tunneling Responses of Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) to the Entomopathogenic Fungus,<i>Beauveria bassiana</i>

Thompson, Sarah R.; Brandenburg, Rick

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-34.1.140

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The ability of insects to detect and respond to entomopathogenic fungi within the order Hypocreales has been widely assessed, with reports of avoidance of fungi by species within the Coleoptera, Isoptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera (Chouvenc et al 2008;Myles 2002;Rath 2000;Staples and Milner 2000; Thompson and Brandenburg 2005;Villani et al 1994). Termites are a global pest and their behavioural response to entomopathogenic fungi has received considerable attention from insect pathologists.…”

Section: Avoidance Of Entomopathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second example is that of Japanese beetle larvae, Popillia japonica (Newman), which avoided soil containing M. anisopliae for up to 20 days after applications (Villani et al 1994). The tawny mole cricket Scapteriscus vicinus (Scudder) and the Southern mole cricket Scapteriscus borellii (Giglio-Tos) both avoid making contact with B. bassiana (Thompson and Brandenburg 2005). Surface tunnelling, vertical tunnels descending into the soil and tunnelling along the perimeter were reduced in containers treated with B. bassiana strain DB-2 compared to untreated containers (Thompson and Brandenburg 2005).…”

Section: Avoidance Of Entomopathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomopathogenic fungi and insect behaviour: from unsuspecting hosts to targeted vectors

2009

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The behavioural response of an insect to a fungal pathogen will have a direct effect on the efficacy of the fungus as a biological control agent. In this paper we describe two processes that have a significant effect on the interactions between insects and entomopathogenic fungi: (a) the ability of target insects to detect and avoid fungal pathogens and (b) the transmission of fungal pathogens between host insects. The behavioural interactions between insects and entomopathogenic fungi are described for a variety of fungal pathogens ranging from commercially available bio-pesticides to non-formulated naturally occurring pathogens. The artificial manipulation of insect behaviour using dissemination devices to contaminate insects with entomopathogenic fungi is then described. The implications of insect behaviour on the use of fungal pathogens as biological control agents are discussed.

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Section: Avoidance Of Entomopathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Avoidance Of Entomopathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi and insect behaviour: from unsuspecting hosts to targeted vectors

2009

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“…The termites Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) were attracted to M. anisopliae mycelial preparations and volatile extracts (Engler and Gold 2004). Mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) modified their behavior in response to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana incorporated into soil so as to reduce their exposure to these fungal entomopathogens (Villani et al 2002;Thompson and Brandenburg 2005). Rath (2000) as well as Thompson and Brandenburg (2005) demonstrated that termite and cricket avoidance behavior, respectively, was dependent on the fungal isolate, which may partially account for the behavioral differences observed among fungal isolates and insect species.…”

Section: Tritrophic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) modified their behavior in response to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana incorporated into soil so as to reduce their exposure to these fungal entomopathogens (Villani et al 2002;Thompson and Brandenburg 2005). Rath (2000) as well as Thompson and Brandenburg (2005) demonstrated that termite and cricket avoidance behavior, respectively, was dependent on the fungal isolate, which may partially account for the behavioral differences observed among fungal isolates and insect species. More recently, wireworms Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) were repelled by M. anisopliaecontaminated soil at a rate that increased with conidia concentration in the soil.…”

Section: Tritrophic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere

Bruck

2009

BioControl

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The ecology of fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere is an understudied area of insect pathology. The rhizosphere is the region of soil in which the release of root exudates influences the soil microbiota, and may provide a favorable environment for fungal entomopathogens. The objective of this review is to bring together the relatively scant data available to date on the subject of fungal entomopathogens colonizing the rhizosphere and to highlight the importance of these findings. Gaining a better understanding of the ecology of fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere will help in the development of successful microbial control strategies against root-feeding insect pests.

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“…Similarly, the mole cricket Scapteriscus spp. when exposed to spores of B. bassiana displayed changes in behaviour that reduced exposure to the conidia, such as less surface tunnelling, less tunnelling along the perimeter of the containers and remaining in areas with less spores (Thompson et al, 2005). Although, recent studies have shown that malaria mosquitoes do not show any avoidance or repellence behaviour against EPF Mnyone et al, 2010), it could be a possibility given enough time.…”

Section: The Risk Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

A multidisciplinary approach to study virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana towards malaria mosquitoes

Jimenez

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A multidisciplinary approach to study virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana towards malaria mosquitoes. Malaria diseaseMalaria is a vector-borne disease that causes a great threat to human health. The disease is present throughout the tropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Around 214 million cases were reported in 2015, with an estimated mortality of 438 thousand people in 2014 (World Health Organization, 2015). Of these, around 70% where children under five years of age. Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus, most cases being caused by P. falciparum or P.vivax, and to a lesser extent by P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi (White et al., 2014). Malaria parasites are transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, but only 70 to 80 of more than 480 Anopheles species are able to do so (Manguin et al., 2008). Mosquitoes of the An. gambiae complex are considered the main vectors of human malaria in Africa and the complex is composed of eight species, namely: An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, An. quadriannulatus, An. melas, An. merus, An. bwambae, An. coluzzii and An. amharicus (Coetzee, 2004; Coetzee et al., 2013).Malaria transmission is initiated when an infected female Anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozoites into the subcutaneous tissue of a human host while blood-feeding. From there, sporozoites travel to the liver, where they undergo several transformations and eventually develop into thousands of merozoites. Once merozoites are released in the blood stream, they infect red blood cells and reproduce asexually. A small amount of asexual parasites develops into gametocytes that may be ingested by an Anopheles mosquito during a blood meal (Miller et al., 2002). Gametocytes reproduce sexually inside the mosquito, developing into a motile ookinete that migrates through the midgut wall, and becomes an oocyst on the mosquito's midgut.The oocyst grows and bursts, releasing sporozoites, which move to the salivary glands of the mosquito. When a mosquito takes a new blood meal, it will infect a new host, thereby repeating the infection cycle (White et al., 2014). Malaria controlPresently, the main interventions to control and eliminate malaria are vector control (stop mosquitoes of infecting malaria), chemoprevention (suppression and prevention of infections) and case management (diagnosis and treatment of infections) (World Health Organization, 2015). Currently, the most effective way of eradicating and preventing malaria is achieved by vector control using insecticides (Raghavendra et al., 2011). This is accomplished through the use of Insecticide-Treated bed Nets (ITNs) and/or through Indoor Residual Spraying of insecticides (IRS). ITNs provide a physical and chemical barrier against mosquitoes and can reduce the incidence of malaria transmission, especially since most malaria mosquitoes have a nocturnal biting behaviour. ITNs are coated with pyrethroids that have a very low toxicity to 9 mammals, a rapid knock-down effect, and long residual activity (R...

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Tunneling Responses of Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) to the Entomopathogenic Fungus,Beauveria bassiana

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Entomopathogenic fungi and insect behaviour: from unsuspecting hosts to targeted vectors

Entomopathogenic fungi and insect behaviour: from unsuspecting hosts to targeted vectors

Fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere

A multidisciplinary approach to study virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana towards malaria mosquitoes

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