Tunneling in attosecond optical ionization and a dynamical time operator

Bauer, Mariano

doi:10.1103/physreva.96.022139

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Since the potential V e f f (x) = −Z e f f /|x| is a scalar quantity [47], the commutation relation is reduced to the position momentum commutation relation…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Operator, Real Tunneling Time in Strong Field Interaction and the Attoclock

Kullie

2020

Quantum Reports

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Attosecond science, beyond its importance from application point of view, is of a fundamental interest in physics. The measurement of tunneling time in attosecond experiments offers a fruitful opportunity to understand the role of time in quantum mechanics. In the present work, we show that our real T-time relation derived in earlier works can be derived from an observable or a time operator, which obeys an ordinary commutation relation. Moreover, we show that our real T-time can also be constructed, inter alia, from the well-known Aharonov-Bohm time operator. This shows that the specific form of the time operator is not decisive, and dynamical time operators relate identically to the intrinsic time of the system. It contrasts the famous Pauli theorem, and confirms the fact that time is an observable, i.e., the existence of time operator and that the time is not a parameter in quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we discuss the relations with different types of tunneling times, such as Eisenbud-Wigner time, dwell time, and the statistically or probabilistic defined tunneling time. We conclude with the hotly debated interpretation of the attoclock measurement and the advantage of the real T-time picture versus the imaginary one.

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“…Since the potential V e f f (x) = −Z e f f /|x| is a scalar quantity [47], the commutation relation is reduced to the position momentum commutation relation…”

Section: Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Operator, Real Tunneling Time in Strong Field Interaction and the Attoclock

Kullie

2020

Quantum Reports

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“…On the basis of the present picture, the TDSE simulation do not make a distinction between tunneling (Ttime) and ionization (ionization time), which is qualitatively a crucial point for two reasons. The way the time variable interning in TDSE, where some authors claim that only this time is a parameter and not generally the time in quantum mechanics [38,39]. And second, in the model used in the TDSE simulation by Saindadh et al [22] and others, e.g.…”

Section: The Hydrogen Atommentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunneling time in attosecond experiment for hydrogen atom

Kullie

2018

J. Phys. Commun.

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Tunneling and tunneling time are hot debated and very interesting issues because of their fundamental role in the quantum mechanics. The measurement of the tunneling time in today's attosecond and strong field (low-frequency) experiments, despite its controversial discussion offers a fruitful opportunity to understand the time measurement and the role of time in quantum mechanics. In previous work Kullie (2015 Phys. Rev. A 92, 052118), we suggested a model and derived a simple relation to calculate the tunneling time, which showed a good agreement with the experimental result for He-atom. In the present work we analyze and discuss our model considering the experimental result for H-atom, which is obtained recently by Satya Sainadh et al (2017 arXiv:1707.05445). In the tunneling region, we find that our model shows a good agreement with their experimental result (similar to the He-atom in our previous work), and with the accompanied time-dependent Schrödiger equation simulations. However, Sainadh et al use a different picture of the tunneling, in which tunneling time becomes an imaginary quantity. Whereas our model represents a real tunneling time picture, precisely a delay time with respect to the ionization time at the atomic field strength. Moreover, even though the above-threshold-ionization is beyond the tunneling regime, we still see that the actual ionization time is related to our model. However, crucial points arise and keep some questions open especially on the experimental side.

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“…(Despite these, recently Bauer proposed a self-adjoint time operator based on Dirac's formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics [63,64]. This proposed time is correlated with zitterbewegung type fluctuations, and has been claimed [65] to agree the experiment [52]. Loss of probability interpretation in relativistic realm and averaging-out of the zitterbewegung term over positive-energy states make this time definition curious.)…”

Section: Entropic Tunneling Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical approach to tunneling time in attosecond experiments

Demir

Güner

2017

Annals of Physics

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Tunneling, transport of particles through classically forbidden regions, is a pure quantum phenomenon. It governs numerous phenomena ranging from single-molecule electronics to donor-acceptor transition reactions. The main problem is the absence of a universal method to compute tunneling time. This problem has been attacked in various ways in the literature. Here, in the present work, we show that a statistical approach to the problem, motivated by the imaginary nature of time in the forbidden regions, lead to a novel tunneling time formula which is real and subluminal (in contrast to various known time definitions implying superluminal tunneling). This entropic tunneling time, as we call it, shows good agreement with the tunneling time measurements in laser-driven He ionization. Moreover, it sets an accurate range for long-range electron transfer reactions. The entropic tunneling time is general enough to extend to the photon and phonon tunneling phenomena.

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Tunneling in attosecond optical ionization and a dynamical time operator

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Time Operator, Real Tunneling Time in Strong Field Interaction and the Attoclock

Time Operator, Real Tunneling Time in Strong Field Interaction and the Attoclock

Tunneling time in attosecond experiment for hydrogen atom

Statistical approach to tunneling time in attosecond experiments

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