Tuning the reactivity of PbI2 film via monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene for two-step-processed CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells

Zhao, Yu; Zhang, Xin; Han, Xuefei; Hou, Chengyi; Wang, Hongzhi; Qi, Jiabin; Li, Yaogang; Zhang, Qinghong

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.127912

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The diffraction circular average (Figure 1a) shows the comparison between peak intensities for 81 cycles versus 162 cycles. We observed that the peaks in the diffraction pattern match the peaks of PbI2 found in literature values [32], [33]. The 001 peak was the most prominent, which is typical [34].…”

Section: Crystal Structure and Orientationsupporting

confidence: 84%

PbI2 nanocrystal growth by atomic layer deposition of Pb(tmhd)2 and HI

Vagott

Bairley

Perini

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows for a great level of control over the thickness and stoichiometry of materials. ALD provides a suitable route to deposit lead halides, which can further be converted to perovskite for photovoltaics, photoemission, and photodetection, among other applications. Deposition of lead halides by ALD has already begun to be explored; however, the precursors used in published processes are highly hazardous, require expensive fabrication processes, or contain impurities that can jeopardize the optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites after conversion. We sought to deposit lead iodide (PbI2) by a facile ALD process involving only two readily accessible, low-cost precursors and without involving any unwanted impurities that could act as recombination centers once the PbI2 is later converted to perovskite. Crystalline PbI2 nanocrystals were grown on soda-lime glass (SLG), silicon dioxide support grids, and silicon wafer substrates and provide the groundwork for further investigation into developing lead halide perovskite processes by ALD. The ALD-grown PbI2 was characterized by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), among other methods. This work presents the first step to synthesize lead halide perovskites with atomic control for applications such as interfacial layers in photovoltaics and for deposition in microcavities for lasing.

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Section: Crystal Structure and Orientationsupporting

confidence: 84%

PbI2 nanocrystal growth by atomic layer deposition of Pb(tmhd)2 and HI

Vagott

Bairley

Perini

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The film is then annealed at 90 • C for 10 min to enhance film morphology [64]. Sometimes, instead of the second step, the PbI 2 film is immersed into the organic salt solution [65]. The two-step method was developed to improve and control the morphology of the film in MAI deposition.…”

Section: Methods For Making Perovskite Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Stability Control of Perovskite Solar Cells for High Efficiency

et al. 2021

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The increasing demand for renewable energy devices over the past decade has motivated researchers to develop new and improve the existing fabrication techniques. One of the promising candidates for renewable energy technology is metal halide perovskite, owning to its high power conversion efficiency and low processing cost. This work analyzes the relationship between the structure of metal halide perovskites and their properties along with the effect of alloying and other factors on device stability, as well as causes and mechanisms of material degradation. The present work discusses the existing approaches for enhancing the stability of PSC devices through modifying functional layers. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods in boosting device efficiency and reducing fabrication cost are highlighted. In addition, the paper presents recommendations for the enhancement of interfaces in PSC structures.

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“…Transparent conductive electrodes Suitable band alignment improves charge carrier dynamics. [56,62,65,68,90,91,137,142,[145][146][147] Enhancing the surface-active areas, facilitating charge carrier extraction inside the PVs.…”

Section: Interfacial Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, MXenes have shown promise for use in PV technology owing to their unique optoelectronic properties, such as their large charge carrier mobility, excellent metallic conductivity, high optical transmittance, and tunable work function (WF). [ 62 , 63 , 64 ] Ti 3 C 2 T x (titanium carbide) is a representative member of the versatile 2D MXene family, and has been utilized in many applications that include PV technology. [ 65 ] The rich chemistry and uniform surface termination of Ti 3 C 2 T x offer vast possibilities for tuning their electrical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D MXene: A Potential Candidate for Photovoltaic Cells? A Critical Review

et al. 2022

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The 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (2D MXenes) are a versatile class of 2D materials for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The numerous advantages of MXenes, including their excellent metallic conductivity, high optical transmittance, solution processability, tunable work-function, and hydrophilicity, make them suitable for deployment in PV technology. This comprehensive review focuses on the synthesis methodologies and properties of MXenes and MXene-based materials for PV systems. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ), a well-known member of the MXene family, has been studied in many PV applications. Herein, the effectiveness of Ti 3 C 2 T x as an additive in different types of PV cells, and the synergetic impact of Ti 3 C 2 T x as an interfacial material on the photovoltaic performance of PV cells, are systematically examined. Subsequently, the utilization of Ti 3 C 2 T x as a transparent conductive electrode, and its influence on the stability of the PV cells, are discussed. This review also considers problems that emerged from previous studies, and provides guidelines for the further exploration of Ti 3 C 2 T x and other members of the 2D MXene family in PV technology. This timely study is expected to provide comprehensive understanding of the current status of MXenes, and to set the direction for the future development in 2D material design and processing for PVs.

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Tuning the reactivity of PbI2 film via monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene for two-step-processed CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells

Cited by 52 publications

References 58 publications

PbI2 nanocrystal growth by atomic layer deposition of Pb(tmhd)2 and HI

PbI2 nanocrystal growth by atomic layer deposition of Pb(tmhd)2 and HI

Methods of Stability Control of Perovskite Solar Cells for High Efficiency

2D MXene: A Potential Candidate for Photovoltaic Cells? A Critical Review

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