Tuning the properties of confined water in standard and hybrid nanotubes: An infrared spectroscopic study

Structural evolution of water and hydroxyl groups during thermal, mechanical and chemical treatment of high purity natural quartz

“…References in brackets: compilation of secondary literature leads to a breakdown of part of the H-bond network, thus leading to modes at higher frequencies. 44,45 The peaks of liquid water and adsorbed water strongly involved in H-bonding have also been found to be very broad, both experimentally, 15,16,21,24-26,46 and computationally. 11,12,14,27 Different reasons may exist for the observed broadness, such as thermal uctuations, conformational exibility or broadening upon H-binding.…”

“…Furthermore, modes of adsorbed, interacting water molecules and conned water are found in this region. 12,13,45 Because of the decrease observed with increasing treatment temperature (Section 4.4), we consider this mode to be related to adsorbed or conned water. The presence of connement follows from the features observed in the Raman images (Section 4.1), where water in channel-like structures at grain boundaries was observed.…”

Bipolar Membranes to Promote Formation of Tight Ice‐Like Water for Efficient and Sustainable Water Splitting

“…Each spectrum was deconvoluted into four Gaussian sub‐bands depending on the water CN (Figure 1c; Table S1, Supporting Information), according to a previous report. [ 26 ] Interestingly, the sub‐band for CN = 4 (CN4) that represents ice‐like water showed noticeable changes in both band position and area for Fe 2 O 3 @GO as compared to those for neat water and GO/water. The CN4 sub‐band peak position red‐shifts and the peak area increases from neat water to GO/water to Fe 2 O 3 @GO/water (Figure 1d).…”

“…CN is less than unity for free water, in the range of 2-3 for networked or intermediate water, and 4 for fully tetrahedrally coordinated water. [25,26] In particular, when CN = 4, the water structure is called "ice-like water," as it has a highly interconnected network with weak intramolecular OH bonds. [26] Furthermore, the network of ice-like water can be rearranged by water-catalyst interactions: much stronger interactions lead to much tighter hydrogen bonding.…”

“…[25,26] In particular, when CN = 4, the water structure is called "ice-like water," as it has a highly interconnected network with weak intramolecular OH bonds. [26] Furthermore, the network of ice-like water can be rearranged by water-catalyst interactions: much stronger interactions lead to much tighter hydrogen bonding. It is, therefore, a challenge to understand the formation and structure of ice-like water and its subsequent effects on the WDR rate.…”