Tuning the nitrogen content and surface properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesized using a nitrogen-containing ferrocenyl derivative and ethylbenzoate

Ombaka, Lucy M.; Ndungu, Patrick; Nyamori, Vincent O.

doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8675-4

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…6a). Similar observations were made from the Raman spectra of N-CNTs synthesized with 4 wt.% oxygen in acetonitrile [8]. Since fluorine neighbours oxygen in the periodic table, it is possible that fluorine just like oxygen can etch the walls of N-CNTs thus increasing the Raman intensity [36].…”

Section: Crystallinity Of Scnmssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…These physicochemical properties of CNTs can be enhanced further via nitrogen-doping to form nitrogen-doped CNTs (N-CNTs) [6]. The nitrogen species present in N-CNTs act as n-type conductors and as basic functional groups thus enhancing the electrical properties [7] and surface energy [8] of N-CNTs. Additionally, N-CNTs contain defect sites that can improve their wettability and surface area [9] which are useful properties for potential application of N-CNTs in various fields such as catalysis [1] and field emission devices [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferrocene [15] and ferrocenyl derivatives [16], due to their volatile nature, are frequently used as catalysts in the synthesis of CNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials (SCNMs) [15,17]. Nitrogen-containing ferrocenyl derivatives, as catalysts, have been explored in the synthesis of N-CNTs [8]. In some instances, the use of nitrogen-containing ferrocenyl derivatives yields N-CNTs with better physical or chemical properties as opposed to the use of ferrocene dissolved in a nitrogen containing organic solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A facile approach towards increasing the nitrogen-content in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes via halogenated catalysts

Ombaka

Ndungu

Omondi

et al. 2016

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been synthesized at 850 °C via a CVD deposition technique by use of three ferrocenyl derivative catalysts, i.e. para-CN,-CF 3 and-Cl substituted-phenyl rings. The synthesized catalysts have been characterized by NMR, IR, HR-MS and XRD. The XRD analysis of the para-CF 3 catalyst indicates that steric factors influence the X-ray structure of 1,1′-ferrocenylphenyldiacrylonitriles. Acetonitrile or pyridine was used as carbon and nitrogen sources to yield mixtures of N-CNTs and carbon spheres (CS). The N-CNTs obtained from the para-CF 3 catalysts, in pyridine, have the highest nitrogen-doping level, show a helical morphology and are less thermally stable compared with those synthesised by use of the para-CN and-Cl as catalyst. This suggests that fluorine heteroatoms enhance nitrogendoping in N-CNTs and formation of helical-N-CNTs (H-N-CNTs). The para-CF 3 and para-Cl catalysts in acetonitrile yielded iron-filled N-CNTs, indicating that halogens promote encapsulation of iron into the cavity of N-CNT. The use of acetonitrile, as carbon and nitrogen source, with the para-CN and-Cl as catalysts also yielded a mixture of N-CNTs and carbon nanofibres (CNFs), with less abundance of CNFs in the products obtained using para-Cl catalysts. However, para-CF 3 catalyst in acetonitrile gave N-CNTs as the only shaped carbon nanomaterials.

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Section: Crystallinity Of Scnmssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A facile approach towards increasing the nitrogen-content in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes via halogenated catalysts

Ombaka

Ndungu

Omondi

et al. 2016

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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show abstract

“…It is noted here that, the reduction seems to be optimized for NDG-4, as to be shown further below. The full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the NDG diffraction peak also in general broadens with the temperature and time reaction, also as a result of the incorporation of N-atoms [34]. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 8 ratio, the FWHM of the D peak, and the G peak position were obtained and are shown in Table 2.The Raman analysis is used here to discuss the doping of N into the graphene lattice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One step microwaved-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene for high performance of supercapacitor

Sari

Ting

2015

Applied Surface Science

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“…The smaller broadening of the FWHM of the C (002) peak with an increase in the amount of chlorine was attributed to an increased crystallinity of the materials. 66,67 For chlorinated ethanes, the FWHM of the C (002) peak decreased in the order DCE=TTCE>TCE (Table 3). CNTs synthesized using TCE were more crystalline than those generated from DCE and TTCE.…”

Section: Tga and Pxrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

Maboya¹,

Coville²,

Mhlanga³

2016

S.Afr.j.chem.

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The effect of chlorine on the morphology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared from a Fe-Co/CaCO 3 catalyst was investigated using chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB), trichlorobenzene (TCB), dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethane (TCE) and tetrachloroethane (TTCE) as chlorine sources using a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Toluene was used as a chlorine-free carbon source for comparison. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized. The physicochemical properties of the CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The inner and outer diameters of the MWCNTs increased with an increase in the number of chlorine atoms contained in the reactant. Chlorine incorporation into the MWCNTs was observed by EDS analysis for all reactants. Formation of 'bamboo-like' structures for the MWCNTs generated from TCE and TTCE was also observed, facilitated by the presence of the high percentage of chlorine in these reactants. Numerous MWCNTs revealed the presence of small carbon nanostructures that grew on top of the dominant CNTs, suggesting an unexpected secondary carbon growth mechanism.

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Tuning the nitrogen content and surface properties of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesized using a nitrogen-containing ferrocenyl derivative and ethylbenzoate

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

A facile approach towards increasing the nitrogen-content in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes via halogenated catalysts

A facile approach towards increasing the nitrogen-content in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes via halogenated catalysts

One step microwaved-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene for high performance of supercapacitor

The synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using chlorinated hydrocarbons over a Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalyst

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