Tuning the Laser‐Induced Processing of 3D Porous Graphenic Nanostructures by Boron‐Doped Diamond Particles for Flexible Microsupercapacitors

Abstract

Carbon (sp3)‐on‐carbon (sp2) materials have the potential to revolutionize fields such as energy storage and microelectronics. However, the rational engineering and printing of carbon‐on‐carbon materials on flexible substrates remains a challenge in wearable electronics technology. This study demonstrates the scalable fabrication of flexible laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐boron doped diamond nanowall (BDNW) hybrid nanostructures for microsupercapacitors. Direct laser writing on polyimide film is tuned by the presence of BDNW powder where an appreciable absorbance of the BDNWs at the CO2 laser wavelength enhances the local film temperature. The thermal shock due to laser irradiation produces graphitized and amorphous carbon at the diamond grain boundaries which increases the thermal and charge transfer capacity between the LIG–diamond interfaces. The samples are further treated with O2 plasma to tune the wettability or to improve the microsupercapacitor device performance. The outstanding electrical characteristics of graphene, exceptional electrochemical stability of diamond, and essential contributions of oxygen‐containing groups result in a remarkable charge storage capacity (18 mF cm−2 @ 10 mV s−1) and cyclic stability (98% retention after 10 000 cycles) outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art LIG‐based supercapacitors. Furthermore, despite extreme mechanical stress, these microsupercapacitors maintain their outstanding electrochemical properties, thus holding promise for high‐power, flexible/wearable electronics.

Nonmodified Laser-Induced Graphene Sensors for Lead-Ion Detection

“…36 The contact angle of the fabricated LIG was measured as small as 12°(Figure S1). The high hydrophilicity, attributed to the surficial oxygen-containing groups (such as −OH), 37 will promote the absorption of Pb 2+ .…”

Editable 3D Micro-Supercapacitor with High Energy Density Based on Mortise–Tenon Joint Structures

“…At present, research mainly focuses on functional planar MSCs with high energy density, such as a flexible MSC, a stretchable MSC, a self-healable MSC, an electrochromic MSC, and a self-protective MSC. − These functional materials and structures satisfy the application requirements of planar MSCs in a complex environment, but their in-plane stacking structure generates damage to the active specific surface area (SSA) and porosity of electrode materials, which limits the enhancement of energy density. , To address this, a three-dimensional (3D) conductive skeleton structure is introduced into MSCs to prevent the clogging of the planar electrode surface and shorten the ion transmission distance, thereby increasing capacitance performance . Most three-dimensional conductive skeleton structures have been reported, such as 3D graphene, , carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 3D hydrated ruthenium dioxides, , graphene-carbon sphere electrodes, , etc. But the randomness and brittleness of these skeleton structures impede the ion transport and miniaturized assembly of devices .…”

“…8,9 To address this, a three-dimensional (3D) conductive skeleton structure is introduced into MSCs to prevent the clogging of the planar electrode surface and shorten the ion transmission distance, thereby increasing capacitance performance. 10 Most threedimensional conductive skeleton structures have been reported, such as 3D graphene, 11,12 carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 13 3D hydrated ruthenium dioxides, 14,15 graphenecarbon sphere electrodes, 16,17 etc. But the randomness and brittleness of these skeleton structures impede the ion transport and miniaturized assembly of devices.…”

Fabrication of ITO microelectrodes and electrode arrays using low-cost CO2 laser plotter

“…In addition to traditional PDMS channels, CO2 lasers have also been used for patterning paper-based microfluidic systems and modifying the surface properties of the paper [24,25]. CO2 laser processing has also been used to directly make electrodes by carbonisation of polymers to create laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials, either freestanding or on a backing material, like ITO and this offers a possible advancement towards reducing the high cost of exploiting the laser technology for sensing applications [26,27].…”