Tuning the Energy Levels of Aza-Heterocycle-Based Polymers for Long-Term <i>n</i>-Channel Bottom-Gate/Top-Contact Polymer Transistors

Ma, Suxiang; Zhang, Guobing; Wang, Feifei; Dai, Yanrong; Lu, Hongbo; Qiu, Longzhen; Ding, Yunsheng; Cho, Kilwon

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00839

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…One impressive example is the unencapsulated BG/TC OFET with an OSC layer of the BDOPV–dithiazole copolymer (Fig. 4, Pn2) which showed a shelf life in air of up to 1 year while maintaining a constant electron mobility of 0.01 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , achieved by stabilizing the LUMO to −4.3 eV 62 . Juxtaposed to this, Jenekhe and co‐workers exploited the kinetic barrier formed by the highly polycrystalline ladder‐type electron‐transporting polybenzobisimidazobenzophenanthroline (BBL; Fig.…”

Section: Improving Ofet Lifetime Through Osc Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated polymers for functional applications: lifetime and performance of polymeric organic semiconductors in organic field‐effect transistors

Kimpel

Michinobu

2020

Polymer International

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Developments in the performance of organic field‐effect transistors have produced devices with similar, and in some cases even better, charge transport properties compared to amorphous silicon. For devices to be viable in more appliances and industry, their lifetime must be improved. However, advances in lifetime are lagging compared to other properties, such as charge carrier mobilities. The lack of a standardized methodology to evaluate the lifetime adds complications, as this property can mostly be compared qualitatively rather than quantitatively. Still, extension of lifetime has been realized through intelligent design of device architecture or alterations that benefit the stability of a device's active organic semiconducting polymer. More unique methods to improve the stability of organic field‐effect transistors, such as blending the semiconducting layer with other polymers or imposing micro‐/nanostructures in the device, have yielded positive results. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Improving Ofet Lifetime Through Osc Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated polymers for functional applications: lifetime and performance of polymeric organic semiconductors in organic field‐effect transistors

Kimpel

Michinobu

2020

Polymer International

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“…Several strong electron-withdrawing acceptor units, such as isoindigo, diketopyrrolopyrrole, benzothiadiazole, naphthalenediimide (NDI), bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzodifurandione, bis(2-oxo-7-azaindolin-3-ylidene)benzodifurandione (BABDF), and bis(2-oxo-7-azaindolin-3-ylidene)-dihydroindoloindoledioneBAID, have so far been tested to construct n-type organic semiconductors through derivation and modification of their core units. ,,,,, However, most polymer semiconductor materials based on these acceptors rely on the structure of top-gate/bottom-contact (TG/BC) for successful unipolar n-channel organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices. This depends particularly on the external passive-layer protection of the dielectric layer, insulating the water and oxygen from penetrating into the active layer and preventing the capture of hopping of electron carriers. − By contrast, devices fabricated in BG/TC configuration will hardly maintain unipolar n-type carrier transport characteristics upon doping of water and oxygen resulting from direct exposure of the organic semiconductor layer to the air atmosphere. , We previously reported high-performance air-stable unipolar n-type OFET devices with the BG/TC structure in the absence of passive protection. , We reported an air-stable n-type device using the BG/TC structure with the μ e value reaching 0.23 cm 2 V –1 s –1 under ambient conditions. The devices displayed high air stability and maintained unipolar electron transport with an μ e up to 0.1 cm 2 V –1 s –1 after 60 days of storage in air thanks to the kinetic barriers produced by tight molecular packing and hydrophobic interactions of molecules .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Stable and High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers Prepared by a “Strong Acceptor–Weak Donor” Strategy

Huang

Wang

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Unipolar n-type conjugated polymer materials with long-term stable electron transport upon direct exposure to the air atmosphere are very challenging to prepare. In this study, three unipolar n-type donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymer semiconductors (abbreviated as PNVB, PBABDFV, and PBAIDV) were successfully developed through a “strong acceptor–weak donor” strategy. The weak electron donation of the donor units in all three polymers successfully lowered the molecular energy levels by the acceptor units that strongly attracted electrons. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that all three polymers had low highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels near −6.0 and −4.0 eV, respectively. These results were consistent with the density functional theory calculations. The as-prepared polymers were then used to manufacture organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices in bottom-gate/top-contact (BG/TC) configuration without any packaging protection. As expected, all devices exhibited unipolar electron transport properties. PBABDFV-based devices showed excellent field-effect performance and air stability, beneficial for straight-line molecular chain and closest π–π stacking distance to prevent water vapor and oxygen from diffusion into the active layer. This led to a maximum electron mobility (μe,max) of 0.79 cm2 V–1 s–1 under air conditions. In addition, 0.50 cm2 V–1 s–1 was still maintained after 27 days of storage in ambient environment. The near-ideal transfer curve of the PBABDFV-based OFET device in BG/TC configuration under vacuum was obtained with average mobility reliability factor (r ave) reaching 88%.

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“…[ 10–14 ] By designing the molecular structure reasonably, the carrier transport type could be tuned on purpose and high‐performance semiconductors would be achieved. [ 15–18 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Cyano‐Substituted Aromatic Blocks into Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Copolymers: Toward Unipolar n‐Channel Field‐Effect Transistors

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2021

Small Science

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The unipolar n‐type polymeric semiconductors are crucial for the development of complementary inverters and complementary logic circuits. To achieve this target, the polymer skeleton should be electron‐deficient, which guarantees the energy‐level alignment between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of polymeric materials and the work function of electrode, further permitting effective electron injection. Different from the introduction of the sp2‐hybridized nitrogen atoms and fluorine atoms, cyano‐substituted aromatic blocks are synthesized and further copolymerized with naphthalene diimide (NDI) unit, affording a series of copolymers of PNDI‐BTCN, PNDI‐TVTCN, and PNDI‐SVSCN. The photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of all the copolymers are systematically investigated, and their semiconducting performance is studied by fabricating field‐effect transistors and tested under atmosphere. All the polymers exhibit unipolar n‐type semiconducting performance because of the synergetic effect of strong electron‐withdrawing NDI units and cyano‐substituted aromatic blocks. The highest mobility of 0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1 is obtained. Moreover, theoretical simulation and thin‐film characterization are conducted to reveal the difference in semiconducting performance among the three polymeric materials.

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Tuning the Energy Levels of Aza-Heterocycle-Based Polymers for Long-Term n-Channel Bottom-Gate/Top-Contact Polymer Transistors

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Conjugated polymers for functional applications: lifetime and performance of polymeric organic semiconductors in organic field‐effect transistors

Conjugated polymers for functional applications: lifetime and performance of polymeric organic semiconductors in organic field‐effect transistors

Air-Stable and High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers Prepared by a “Strong Acceptor–Weak Donor” Strategy

Incorporation of Cyano‐Substituted Aromatic Blocks into Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Copolymers: Toward Unipolar n‐Channel Field‐Effect Transistors

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