Two-dimensional (2D) materials receive a lot of attention due to their novel properties and wide applications. Here, we study the electronic structure and optical conductivity of new heterostructures made of two monolayers of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and arsenene (As). Our first-principles density functional calculations show that only the valence band of As-MoS 2 heterostructures is significantly affected by the interlayer distance. Upon shortening the interlayer distance, the valence-band maximum transfer from the G point to L and S point, and the holes effective masses decline monotonically and lower than the electrons effective masses. Tuning the interlayer distance may change the conduction character of As-MoS 2 heterostructures. In addition, the valence-band maximum and conduction-band minimum of As-MoS 2 heterostructures are localized on opposite monolayers, suppressing the hole-electron recombination. Unlike transition metal dichalcogenidestransition metal dichalcogenides heterostructures, the optical conductivity of As-MoS 2 heterostructure is different to its monolayers, and a new optical conductivity peak is observed in visible light region. Moreover, its intensity and position are enhanced and shifted-red with the shortening interlayer distance, respectively, due to the enlarging Fermi level with the decreasing interlayer distance. Our findings suggest that engineering As-MoS 2 heterostructure is beneficial for improve the application of monolayer MoS 2 in the photoelectric device. Fig. 1 Geometry structures of As-MoS 2 heterostructures with (a) top configuration, (b) bottom configuration, and (c) center configuration, respectively. (d) The interlayer distance d marked in the side view of As-MoS 2 heterostructure. (e) The hexagonal Brillouin zone. 59634 | RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 59633-59638 This journal isFig. 4 Density of states of monolayer MoS 2 (a), arsenene (b), and As-MoS 2 heterostructure (c), respectively. (d) Optical conductivity of As-MoS 2 heterostructure and its constituents. 59636 | RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 59633-59638 This journal is