Tuning the crystal growth of perovskite thin-films by adding the 2-pyridylthiourea additive for highly efficient and stable solar cells prepared in ambient air

Sun, Meijun; Wang, Shirong; Liu, Hongli; Zhao, Xiaoming; Xiao, Yin

doi:10.1039/c7ta00894e

Cited by 100 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Thus, as expected hysteresis was significantly reduced as can be seen in Figure d. Increasing grain size can be also right direction to reduce the hysteresis because grain boundaries are reduced at same time . It was reported that enlarged perovskite grain size led to less hysteric J – V curve …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

On the Current–Voltage Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells: Dependence on Perovskite Composition and Methods to Remove Hysteresis

2019

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Current‐density–voltage (J–V) hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is a critical issue because it is related to power conversion efficiency and stability. Although parameters affecting the hysteresis have been already reported and reviewed, little investigation is reported on scan‐direction‐dependent J–V curves depending on perovskite composition. This review investigates J–V hysteric behaviors depending on perovskite composition in normal mesoscopic and planar structure. In addition, methodologies toward hysteresis‐free PSCs are proposed. There is a specific trend in hysteresis in terms of J–V curve shape depending on composition. Ion migration combined with nonradiative recombination near interfaces plays a critical role in generating hysteresis. Interfacial engineering is found to be an effective method to reduce the hysteresis; however, bulk defect engineering is the most promising method to remove the hysteresis. Among the studied methods, KI doping is proved to be a universal approach toward hysteresis‐free PSCs regardless of perovskite composition. It is proposed from the current studies that engineering of perovskite film near the electron transporting layer (ETL) and the hole transporting layer (HTL) is of vital importance for achieving hysteresis‐free PSCs and extremely high efficiency.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

On the Current–Voltage Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells: Dependence on Perovskite Composition and Methods to Remove Hysteresis

2019

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“…The improved lifetime implies a reduction of traps and is consistent with enhanced charge transport of mixed‐cation 2D‐PPA. The reduced recombination could account for the increased V oc and FF . Figure c shows the TRMC decay data which were also fitted to a biexponential decay function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancing Charge Transport of 2D Perovskite Passivation Agent for Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Beyond 21%

Tong

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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The replacement of a small amount of organic cations with bulkier organic spacer cations in the perovskite precursor solution to form a 2D perovskite passivation agent (2D‐PPA) in 3D perovskite thin films has recently become a promising strategy for developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with long‐term stability and high efficiency. However, the long, bulky organic cations often form a barrier, hindering charge transport. Herein, for the first time, 2D‐PPA engineering based on wide‐bandgap (≈1.68 eV) perovskites are reported. Pentafluorophenethylammonium (F5PEA+) is introduced to partially replace phenylethylammonium (PEA+) as the 2D‐PPA, forming a strong noncovalent interaction between the two bulky cations. The charge transport across and within the planes of pure 2D perovskites, based on mixed ammoniums, increases by a factor of five and three compared with that of mono‐cation 2D perovskites, respectively. The perovskite films based on mixed‐ammonium (F5PEA+‐PEA+) 2D‐PPA exhibit similar surface morphology and crystal structure, but longer carrier lifetime, lower exciton binding energy, less trap density and higher conductivity, in comparison with those using mono‐cation (PEA+) 2D‐PPA. The performance of PSCs based on mixed‐cation 2D‐PPA is enhanced from 19.58% to 21.10% along with improved stability, which is the highest performance for reported wide‐bandgap PSCs.

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“…Figure c shows a steady output of 18.77% PCE, recorded at a maximum output bias of 0.89 V for more than 10 min, which well matched the J – V characterization results. To the best of our knowledge, 19.39% PCE with such low hysteresis is among the highest performances as compared with all of the reported ambient‐process devices (mesoporous n–i–p, planar n–i–p, and planar p–i–n) fabricated under variable RH, as shown in Figure d …”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…At such low RH condition, the impact of moisture is negligible and thus the experimental parameters can be readily fine‐tuned to achieve a comparable performance with inert fabrications. However, if RH increases to a higher level, the abovementioned anisotropic crystallization is dominant; therefore, Sun et al used an additive of 2‐pyridylthiourea in the precursor solution to avoid the anisotropic growth, resulting in a uniform and continuous perovskite film (18.2% PCE, 55 ± 5% RH) . Besides, Troughton et al reported that ethyl acetate can be used as an antisolvent to absorb moisture and protect the sensitive perovskite intermediate phases to form a uniform perovskite film (15% PCE, 75% RH) .…”

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confidence: 99%

An Air Knife–Assisted Recrystallization Method for Ambient‐Process Planar Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Dim‐Light Harvesting

Cheng

Chung

Zhang

et al. 2019

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The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells is highly dependent on the control of morphology and crystallization of perovskite film, which usually requires a controlled atmosphere. Therefore, fully ambient fabrication is a desired technology for the development of perovskite solar cells toward real production. Here, an air‐knife assisted recrystallization method is reported, based on a simple bath‐immersion to prepare high‐quality perovskite absorbers. The resulted film shows a strong crystallinity with pure domains and low trap‐state density, which contribute to the device performance and stability. The proposed method can operate in a wide process window, such as variable relative humidity and bath‐immersion conditions, demonstrating a power conversion efficiency over 19% and 27% under 1 sun and 500–2000 lux dim‐light illumination respectively, which is among the highest performance of ambient‐process perovskite solar cells.

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Tuning the crystal growth of perovskite thin-films by adding the 2-pyridylthiourea additive for highly efficient and stable solar cells prepared in ambient air

Abstract: A rapid and simple process to prepare CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells in ambient air by adding 2-pyridylthiourea in the precursor solution was reported. The newly developed PSC exhibited an enhanced PCE of 18.2% along with enhanced stability under heat and humidity.

Cited by 100 publications

References 60 publications

On the Current–Voltage Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells: Dependence on Perovskite Composition and Methods to Remove Hysteresis

On the Current–Voltage Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells: Dependence on Perovskite Composition and Methods to Remove Hysteresis

Enhancing Charge Transport of 2D Perovskite Passivation Agent for Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Beyond 21%

An Air Knife–Assisted Recrystallization Method for Ambient‐Process Planar Perovskite Solar Cells and Its Dim‐Light Harvesting

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