Tuning of the Mg Alloy AZ31 Anodizing Process for Biodegradable Implants

Zaffora, Andrea; Franco, Francesco Di; Virtù, Danilo; Pavia, Francesco Carfì; Ghersi, Giulio; Virtanen, Sannakaisa; Santamaria, Monica

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c22933

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…144 Zaffora et al verified that MgP coatings that had grown on the AZ31 Mg alloy by a hard anodizing process were biocompatible and could enhance the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 Mg alloy. 145 Similarly, Ma et al also confirmed that MgP coating not only significantly decreased the degradation rate of the AZ31 alloy, but also promoted the cell proliferation. 146 Therefore, MgP coatings are a promising candidate for clinical applications.…”

Section: Magnesium Phosphate Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. B

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Section: Magnesium Phosphate Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. B

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“…[1][2][3] The most concerning problem is still its excessive degradation rate, causing biocompatibility issues in the human body. [4][5][6] Coating technology is one of the most popular approaches for improving the performance of magnesium alloys. Common polymers such as synthetic polymers (polylactic acid (PLA), [7] poly (latic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), [8] and polycaprolactone (PCL) [9] are inferior in mechanical Indeed, fragile adhesion at the organic coating/metal substrate interface is mainly caused by poor hydrophilicity and insufficient functional groups on magnesium surfaces due to the naturally formed oxide layer (magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate) in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1–3 ] The most concerning problem is still its excessive degradation rate, causing biocompatibility issues in the human body. [ 4–6 ] Coating technology is one of the most popular approaches for improving the performance of magnesium alloys. Common polymers such as synthetic polymers (polylactic acid (PLA), [ 7 ] poly (latic‐ co ‐glycolic) acid (PLGA), [ 8 ] and polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 9 ] are inferior in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and especially biocompatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Plasma Activation Strategy for the Protein‐Coated Magnesium Implants in Orthopedic Applications

Fang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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properties, corrosion resistance, and especially biocompatibility. Recently, silk fibroin (i.e., SF), a natural protein extracted from Bombyx mori silkworms, has been expected to be a coating strategy that protects of magnesium from corrosion for a long time. [10][11][12][13][14] This biological protein was similar to the collagen components in bone with osteogenic activity, which can endow inorganic Mg with osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity functions as a protective organic coating. However, the surface pretreatment process is essential in the application of biodegradable magnesium alloys, aiming to improve the adhesion force (or bonding strength) between organic protein coatings and inorganic magnesium substrates. [15] Thus, strong bonding at the interface can reinforce the anticorrosion performance of the coated structure in an immersed body fluid environment as well as the biocompatibility.Popular surface pretreatment includes chemical conversion, [16,17] microarc oxidation (MAO), [18,19] and intermediate layers, [20,21] which leads to some concerns regarding reliability or biosafety with increasing reports of clinical trials. The chemical conversion method applies alkaline or acid solutions on magnesium surfaces to form magnesium hydroxide [22] or magnesium fluoride, [23] which is simple and inexpensive. A single chemical conversion layer cannot provide long-term protection yet, and the biosafety of fluorine in vivo needs further confirmation. Although MAO is one of the most widely commercialized surface treatment technologies for magnesium, coatings are usually brittle with holes. Some materials such as poly dopamine [24] or 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES, reported by our previous work) [25] are considered intermediate layers to generate bonds between outer coatings and magnesium substrates. However, their biodegradable behaviors are not controlled, and the biocompatibility of APTES is not clear. Generally, all the surface pretreatment technologies above provide one or more intermediate layers between coatings and substrates to improve adhesion at the bonding interfaces. [26][27][28][29] Some problems, including chemical residue, surface contamination, interface cracking probability, uncontrollable degradation, and biocompatibility are potential dangers when making use of intermediate layers, which form two or more bonding interfaces. [30][31][32][33] Biodegradable magnesium alloys show superior potential as bone repair implants, which are coated by natural polymers such as biological proteins to reinforce anticorrosion and biocompatibility. Surface pretreatment can facilitate the adhesion force of the organic coating/inorganic metal interface, but potentially causes one or more unfavorable intermediate layers. Herein, hybrid plasma activation is introduced to modify magnesium alloy (MgZnCa), which is directly coated by a natural protein, silk fibroin (i.e., SF), thus achieving a protein/magnesium direct bonding interface. Different plasmas exhibit distinctive physical and chemical performances o...

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“…These coatings enhance bonding strength between copper and various polymers [11,12]. The anodizing method has been adopted to modify AZ31 Mg alloys to enhance corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, especially used for biomedical devices [13]. Electroless nickel coating technique has also been adopted to produce coating on the substrate surface to improve various properties of the base material [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and In Vitro Studies of Low Reflective Magnetite (Fe3O4) Thin Film on Stainless Steel 420A Developed by Chemical Method

2021

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Stainless steel has been the most demanded material for surgical utensil manufacture due to superior mechanical properties, sufficient wear, and corrosion resistance. Surgical grade 420A stainless steel is extensively used for producing sophisticated surgical instruments. Since these instruments are used under bright light conditions prevalent in operation theatres, the reflection from the material is significant which causes considerable strain to the eye of the surgeon. Surgical instruments with lower reflectance will be more efficient under these conditions. A low reflective thin -film coating has often been suggested to alleviate this inadmissible difficulty. This paper reports the development of an optimum parametric low reflective magnetite coating on the surface of SS 420A with a black color using chemical hot alkaline conversion coating technique and its bioactivity studies. Coating process parameters such as coating time, bath temperature, and chemical composition of bath are optimized using Taguchi optimization techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was used to identify the composition of elements and the chemical condition of the developed coating. Surface morphological studies were accomplished with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), compositional information can also be collected simultaneously. Invitro cytotoxicity tests, corrosion behavior, the effect of sterilization temperature on adhesion property, and average percentage reflectance (R) of the developed coating have also been evaluated. These results suggest adopting the procedure for producing low reflective conversion coatings on minimally invasive surgical instruments produced from medical grade 420A stainless steel.

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Tuning of the Mg Alloy AZ31 Anodizing Process for Biodegradable Implants

Cited by 45 publications

References 47 publications

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications

Hybrid Plasma Activation Strategy for the Protein‐Coated Magnesium Implants in Orthopedic Applications

Characterization and In Vitro Studies of Low Reflective Magnetite (Fe3O4) Thin Film on Stainless Steel 420A Developed by Chemical Method

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