Tuning of the Amount of Se in Rice (Oryza sativa) Grain by Varying the Nature of the Irrigation Method: Development of an ICP-MS Analytical Protocol, Validation and Application to 26 Different Rice Genotypes

Abstract

The amount of specific trace elements like selenium (Se) may be of health concern for humans if contained in too high (or low) quantities in staple foods like rice. Among the attempts aimed to optimize the Se concentration in rice, only few studies have been focused on the use of irrigation methods other than continuous flooding. Since intermittent irriguous methods, like sprinkler and saturation, have found to be effective in modifying the bioaccumulation of arsenic and cadmium in rice kernels, the main goal of this study is to measure the amount of the total Se contained in grains of 26 rice genotypes cultivated for two consecutive agrarian vintages in the same open field and with the same water, but differently irrigated with continuous flooding, sprinkler or saturation. To do this, an original and validated ICP-MS method has been developed. The validation parameters accounted for a high sensitivity and accuracy. Sprinkler irrigation is able to reduce in the average of 90% the amount of total Se in kernels in comparison to values measured in rice irrigated with continuous flooding. In conclusion, different irrigation techniques and rice genotypes seem to be valuable tools in order to allow in the future the customized modulation of the Se concentration in rice grain according to the needs of the various populations.

ICP-MS Determination of 23 Elements of Potential Health Concern in Liquids of e-Cigarettes. Method Development, Validation, and Application to 37 Real Samples

“…Its presence/absence for each analyte has been established based on the behavior of the ionic signal measured at the increasing of He flows. A change of the slope of the decreasing trend of the ionic signal measured on a real sample at the increasing of the He flow accounted for the presence of an interference by molecular ions [59]. For explanatory purposes, Figure 2 reports the behavior of the ionic signal of the 52 Cr + ion at variations of the He flow.…”

“…Among all elements considered, only Se has always been found below its LoD in all samples analyzed. This is not surprising, knowing the scarce sensitivity of Se in terms of counts per second as a function of its concentration [59]. In addition, the mineralization process implies a dilution of 50 times of the sample, hence the effective LoD for mineralized solutions is 92 ng dm −3 , i.e., quite close to the instrumental detection limit [64].…”

Multi-Elemental Analysis as a Tool to Ascertain the Safety and the Origin of Beehive Products: Development, Validation, and Application of an ICP-MS Method on Four Unifloral Honeys Produced in Sardinia, Italy

“…Beyond this specific issue, the need to avoid the interference of molecular ions of any origin on the determination of the chosen isotopes of the analytes suggested to operate in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode for 15 elements out of 23. Therefore, the He flow has been carefully optimized for each element, to find the best compromise between the minimization of the polyatomic ion interferences and the maximization of the instrumental signal [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. As a result, 75 As, 138 Ba, 111 Cd, 59 Co, 52 Cr, 63 Cu, 57 Fe, 55 Mn, 60 Ni, 121 Sb, 120 Sn, 88 Sr, 120 Te, 51 V, and 66 Zn were analyzed in KED mode using a He flow rate between 3 and 4 cm 3 min −1 , while 107 Ag, 9 Be, 209 Bi, 7 Li, 202 Hg, 98 Mo, 208 Pb, and 205 Tl were analyzed in normal mode.…”

Recent Techniques in Nutrient Analysis for Food Composition Database

“…There are many complex samples matrix have been successfully analysed using ICP-MS such as honey [ 56 ], rice [ 57 ], cow, goat, buffalo, yak and camel milk [ 55 ], meat [ 51 ], spices and aromatic herbs [ 58 ], honeydew honey [ 52 ], dairy milk and plant based milk [ 54 ] and maize [ 59 ]. Hyphenation techniques such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-ICP-MS) for the separation of samples and analyse using ICP-MS has been applied for analysis of metals such as Fe, Zn and P in vegetables [ 53 ] ( Table 2 ).…”