Tuning Mechanical and Optoelectrical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through Systematic Regioregularity Control

Kim, Jin-Seong; Kim, Jae-Han; Lee, Wonho; Yu, Hwanjo; Kim, Hyeong Jun; Song, Inho; Shin, Minkwan; Oh, Joon Hak; Jeong, Unyong; Kim, Taek‐Soo; Kim, Burnjoon J.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00524

Cited by 193 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…[104][105][106] Changing the RR also provides a strong mechanism by which to adjust the mechanical properties. 107 Specifically, going from a 98% RR P3HT to a 64% RR P3HT decreases the modulus from 287 to 13 MPa, and the maximum elongation from 0.5 to 5.5%, shown in Figure 10. 107 This change in RR also coincided with significant change in polymer molecular Figure 11 The crystallite origin of the improvement in the stretchability of highly crystalline and low crystalline P3HT films.…”

Section: Polymer Organization and Lengthmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…107 Specifically, going from a 98% RR P3HT to a 64% RR P3HT decreases the modulus from 287 to 13 MPa, and the maximum elongation from 0.5 to 5.5%, shown in Figure 10. 107 This change in RR also coincided with significant change in polymer molecular Figure 11 The crystallite origin of the improvement in the stretchability of highly crystalline and low crystalline P3HT films. Reproduced from Kim et al with permission from American Chemical Society.…”

Section: Polymer Organization and Lengthmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Reproduced from Kim et al with permission from American Chemical Society. 107 Polymers for stretchable electronics J Onorato et al weight, from 20.3 kg mol − 1 to 9.2 kg mol − 1 . 107 Further studies should be performed to control for molecular weight to conclusively determine the effect of RR.…”

Section: Polymer Organization and Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Onorato

Pakhnyuk

Luscombe

2016

Polym J

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The field of stretchable electronics has recently gained significant interest from the academic community, with a focus on producing materials that demonstrate reliable electrical performance with improved response to mechanical deformation. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding the relationships between the mechanical behavior and electrical performance of such devices. Potential solutions can take the form of intrinsically elastic polymers, polymer semiconductor/ elastomer blends and alternative engineering-oriented approaches, which are discussed herein. Trends and design strategies are beginning to manifest in this early stage of the stretchable electronics field. The development of stretchable electrical systems can provide unique applications of organic electronics.

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Section: Polymer Organization and Lengthmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Polymer Organization and Lengthmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Onorato

Pakhnyuk

Luscombe

2016

Polym J

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“…We used 2-octyldodecyl side chains on 2TPD to increase the solubility of the resulting polymer and also provide satisfactory steric hindrance to prevent aggregation. [41,45] Likewise, even though IDT-based copolymers in general show low degree of long-range ordering in the solid state compared to semicrystalline polymers, [46][47][48] we functionalized the planar IDT backbone with bulky p-hexylphenyl substituents (Figure 1b,c), which are expected to further reduce polymer chain aggregations as they align somewhat perpendicular to the planar IDT backbone. [49,50] We obtained higher number-average molecular weight (M n ) for PIDT-2TPD (55.7 kg mol −1 , polydispersity index (PDI) 2.4) due to the much longer side chains attached on 2TPD as compared to PIDT-TPD (26.3 kg mol −1 , PDI 2.1), yet comparable PDIs.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201706584mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends

et al. 2018

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The development of efficient and biocompatible organic near-infrared emitters is attractive for many applications, spanning from photodynamic therapy [1] to light fidelity (Li-Fi) all-optical networking systems. [2][3][4] In particular, the range 700-1000 nm is interesting for medical applications, given the semitransparency of biological tissue in this spectral interval, [5] and we will specifically refer to this range as near-infrared (NIR) in the following text. Compared to conventional inorganic materials, organic NIR emitters are interesting also for their mechanical conformability, which makes them appealing for the integration in flexible and stretchable devices. [6] Furthermore, the metal-free organic light-emitting materials can be a cheap and biocompatible alternative to inorganic ones for application in wearable, implantable, or in vivo medical applications, such as for sensing of body temperature, heart and respiration rates, blood pressure, glucose level, and oxygenation. [7] In the search for ever-higher efficiencies, several classes of materials have been investigated, such as perovskite-structured methylammonium lead halides, [8][9][10] quantum dots, [11] and organometallic phosphorescent complexes. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, although such hybrid materials afford substantial electroluminescence (EL) external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the NIR, in some cases exceeding 10% [8,10] or even 20% or so, [13] their use of heavy, toxic, and/or costly metals is not ideal for manufacturing, sustainability, environmental impact, and, in perspective, biocompatibility. Furthermore, in such hybrid systems, and in general in materials that leverage triplet excitons to boost the EQE, [20,21] exciton recombination dynamics typically fall in the hundreds of nanoseconds or even in the microsecond (or longer) range, which intrinsically limits the bandwidth when integrated in devices for telecommunications. For Li-Fi applications, [2][3][4] fluorescent molecular and polymeric materials are preferred, given that the typical fluorescence lifetime of these materials is of the order of few nanoseconds or less, thereby ideally allowing data transmission rates up to the Gb s −1 regime.In the last decade, scientists have attempted different strategies to develop heavy-metal-free NIR fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), with chemical design essentially revolving around the careful combination of donor and acceptor groups to both tune the spectral range (up to 1000 nm) and maximize the EQE. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Very recently, we have, for Due to the so-called energy-gap law and aggregation quenching, the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting above 800 nm is significantly lower than that of visible ones. Successful exploitation of triplet emission in phosphorescent materials containing heavy metals has been reported, with OLEDs achieving remarkable external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 3.8% (peak wavelength > 800 nm). For OLEDs incorporating f...

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“…The stressstrain behavior can be measured directly for some materials using a highly sensitive technique developed by Kim and co-workers in which the pull test is carried out with the fi lm supported by water ( Figure 2 a ). 24 Dauskardt and co-workers have developed the four-point bend test ( Figure 2b ) and double-cantilever beam test for determining the cohesive and adhesive fracture energies of semiconducting polymer fi lms. 25 Several techniques have been developed to reconstruct the stress-strain response of thin fi lms by assaying their behavior when strained on elastomeric substrates.…”

Section: Metrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and ultraflexible organic electronics

2017

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Five years ago, MRS Bulletin published a theme issue on the then-and still-burgeoning fi eld of stretchable and fl exible electronics. 1 The authors in that issue explored the mechanics of stretchable thin fi lms, 2 approaches to generating stretchable devices from otherwise rigid materials, 3 and a range of stretchable device components, from batteries to electronic eye cameras. 4 The topics in that issue refl ected the state of the art in the fi eld then, which was dominated by devices based on inorganic materials (e.g., metallic fi lms and semiconductor nanoribbons).A complementary approach to extreme deformability is based on organic conductors and semiconductors. 5 While the conductivity and transport properties of inorganic materials are superior to those of organics, the advantages of these molecular materials remain-oxide-free interfaces, fabrication by printing in a roll-to-roll manner, low cost, tailorability by synthesis, and intrinsic mechanical compliance.5 Deformability was one of the original goals of organic electronics, 6 but some of the best performing materials today remain stiff, and they crack at relatively low strains. Organic devices can be rendered stretchable in many of the same ways as can devices based on inorganic thin fi lms (e.g., using wavy, fractal, or relief features that direct strain away from the sensitive components).7 Other approaches that are applicable only to organics, however, give them a distinct advantage, such as the formation of fi bers to form elastic mats and the synthesis of materials whose molecular structure or solid-state packing structure permits extreme deformation. 8A suite of tools incorporating metrology, synthesis, and fabrication has recently emerged whose goal is to achieve the original dream of organic electronics-to combine state-of-the-art electronic performance with high deformability. This research is, at present, somewhat distinct from efforts in the fi eld to understand and to improve the electronic properties of organic semiconductors, though ultimately, the results of both spheres of inquiry must be merged. The authors of the articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin have made key contributions to developing stretchable new materials or stretchable forms of old ones, new techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of fragile thin fi lms, and new devices that exhibit unprecedented deformability. New materials and stretchable forms of old onesStretchable electronics had its beginnings in the 1990s with the work of Wagner, Suo, and others, who examined the mechanics of materials-principally metals-on fl exible and stretchable substrates.9 These materials adopted buckled, wavy, or fractured morphologies that accommodated tensile strains while retaining electronic functionality. 10 In an example of applying this approach to organic electronic materials, we have made stretchable organic solar cells by buckling the devices on elastic substrates.11 Bettinger and co-workers used a similar approach by producing the fi rst stretchable organic Stretcha...

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Tuning Mechanical and Optoelectrical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) through Systematic Regioregularity Control

Cited by 193 publications

References 70 publications

Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence at 840 nm with “Metal‐Free” Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blends

Stretchable and ultraflexible organic electronics

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