“…As a result, under deflection-control, the structure demonstrates a sudden drop in structural response (snap-through) and the emitted energy may give rise to a virtual catastrophic branch of structural response (Carpinteri and Accornero, 2018;Xu et al, 2019;Heide-Jørgensen and Budzik, 2017). The occurrence of snap-back is dependent on multiple factors, such as the geometric characteristics of structure and initial notch (Gajo, 2004;Salviato et al, 2019), material properties (brittle or ductile), boundary conditions (Carpinteri, 1989;Carpinteri and Accornero, 2018) and property heterogeneity (Xu et al, 2019;Heide-Jørgensen and Budzik, 2017;Xia et al, 2013;Xia et al, 2015;Morano et al, 2020). Implicit finite element codes are normally employed to numerically predict responses with non-linearity.…”