Tungsten oxide nanostructures and nanocomposites for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Abstract

This paper reviews nanostructural tungsten oxides and their nanocomposites to enhance the activity of photoelectrochemical water splitting.

2D MXenes as Co-catalysts in Photocatalysis: Synthetic Methods

“…Solar energy can be exploited in photovoltaic technologies [16], CO 2 photoreduction [17,18], N 2 photo-fixation [19], degradation of organic compounds [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], and photocatalytic water splitting [27]. In renewable hydrogen fuel-based photocatalytic water-splitting systems [28][29][30], photocatalysts play a critical role [31,32]. Photo-catalyzed solar energy conversion can be divided into three steps: (1) light absorption, (2) charge separation and transfer, and (3) surface reaction.…”

Selectivity of Tungsten Oxide Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method Towards Some Volatile Organic Compounds and Gaseous Materials in a Broad Range of Temperatures

“…When oxygen species are reacting with the reducing organic compounds, then the injection of electrons is narrowing 'the width' of the electron depletion layer, which is leading to the decrease in resistance of sensing layer. Corresponding chemical reactions between analyte-molecules and oxygen species are presented in Equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) [51,52].…”

“…Among many other oxides, tungsten (VI) oxide (WO 3 ) is a very attractive material due to its relative chemical stability, robustness, inherent electrical conductivity, and good sensitivity towards various gaseous materials including many VOCs [4][5][6]. Various WO 3 -based structures are also used in lithium-ion batteries [7] and solar energy conversion systems [8][9][10][11][12]. The gas-and/or VOC-sensing and photoelectrochemical properties of WO 3 are highly dependent on the deposition method and conditions of sensitive layer formation.…”

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

“…Quantum dots improve the efficiency of light harvesting and the photocatalytic activity reducing the electron-hole recombination rate [328,329]. Nanorod, nanowire and nanotube form 1 D nanostructures that ensure a rapid diffusion of charge carriers in only one direction lowering the recombination process [330][331][332][333]. 2D nanostructures are realized with nanosheets; they enhance the light absorption and improve the charge carriers transport due to the low thickness and high surface area of the catalytic film [329,332,334].…”