Tungsten nanoparticles from liquid-ammonia-based synthesis

Abstract

Tungsten nanoparticles were obtained from liquid-ammonia-based synthesis via reduction of WCl6 with dissolved sodium. The W(0) nanoparticles exhibit a diameter of 1-2 nm and can be dispersed in alkanes, showing a grayish-orange color due to red-shifted plasmon resonance absorption.

Ultraviolet radiation detection by barium titanate thin films grown by sol–gel hydrothermal method

“…There is an enhancement in the photo-response after coating the W nanoclusters over the BTO coated samples. This is due to the [25][26][27].…”

Nanoscale Iron Nitride, ε-Fe3N: Preparation from Liquid Ammonia and Magnetic Properties

“…[17][18][19][20] After reducing iron(II) bromide with an excess of potassium in liquid ammonia they described the formation of Fe 3 N. Recently, this solvent was used to produce nanoparticles of several transition metals (e.g. Bi, Re, Co, W) [21][22][23] and metal nitrides (e.g.CoN, GaN). 21 The reduction of titanium salts using a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia to produce titanium nitride nanoparticles has been shown.…”

Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Base Metal Nanoparticles

“…4) [8]. 3.1)predominately the low amount of nanoparticles and the limited reducing power of NaBH 4 -triggered the check for additional options and a modification of the synthesis strategy.…”

“…Thus, pure lq-NH 3 instead of surfactant stabilized micelles was used as the liquid phase (Fig. The remaining W 0 nanoparticles were stabilized by oleylamine in n-heptane [8]. Now, elemental sodium can be dissolved in lq-NH 3 as a strong reducing agent (E 0 = -2.3 V [4]) resulting in highly reactive but stable deep blue solutions.…”

“…To this concern, three different types of liquid-phase synthesis of base metal nanoparticles were explored: i) Liquid-ammonia-in-oil microemulsions (a/o-microemulsions) using liquid ammonia as the polar micelle phase [7]; ii) The sodium-driven reduction and nucleation in liquid ammonia (lq-NH 3 ) [8]; iii) The sodium-naphthalenide-driven ([NaNaph]) reduction and nucleation in ethers [9,10]. Alternative synthesis strategies -preferentially based on low-cost and easy-to-handle starting materials, reducing agents, and solvents -are highly requested.…”