Tungsten doped chromium nitride coatings

Yau, Bao-Shun; Chu, Cheng–Wei; Lin, Ding‐Zheng; Lee, William; Duh, Jenq‐Gong; Lin, Chih-Hsiung

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2007.10.007

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Based on this agreement we can conclude that the nitrogen vacancies have to be taken into account for these material systems. The calculated lattice parameters of stoichiometric cubic Cr 1-x TM x N (TM = Mo and W) show a significant deviation from experimental data[4,11,12,16,34] and the deviation increase with increasing Mo or W content[6], seeFig. 2b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The controversy is mainly due to the similarity of crystallographic structures of cubic B1-CrN and -TM 2 N, which makes their XRD peaks very close and finally difficult to distinguish whether the coating is a mixture of B1-CrN+-TM 2 N or a cubic (Cr, TM)N solid solution, with TM being Mo or W [5]. Although the binary nitrides cubic B1-MoN and B1-WN are mechanically unstable [14], they are used as the boundary systems for cubic B1-(Cr, TM)N with nitrogen contents of constantly 50 at.%, as always reported [10,15,16]. By adjusting the N 2 gas partial pressure during the sputtering deposition process, the atomic ratio N/metal can be even above 1 for cubic (Cr, Mo)N or (Cr, W)N thin films [11,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Structural and mechanical properties of nitrogen-deficient cubic Cr–Mo–N and Cr–W–N systems

et al. 2016

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The tendency for nitrogen deficiency in cubic Cr-Mo-N and Cr-W-N solid solutions is predicted by a comprehensive evaluation of the lattice spacing, mixing thermodynamics, and elastic properties using first-principles calculations and experimentally confirmed by means of X-ray diffraction. A major conclusion is that these systems exhibit significant amount of N vacancies whose amount scales linearly with the TM content, hence making the Cr 1-x TM x N 1-0.5x chemical formula more precise and informative to describe the chemical composition of cubic Cr-Mo-N and Cr-W-N solid solutions as compared with the conventionally used Cr 1-x TM x N. The cubic Cr 1-x Mo x N 1-0.5x and Cr 1-x W x N 1-0.5x solid solutions exhibit large positive mixing enthalpies towards isostructural phase decomposition into cubic B1-CrN and -Mo 2 N or -W 2 N, respectively. Their ductility increases with increasing Mo or W content and both systems exhibit significantly direction-dependent Young's moduli over the entire composition range, even when using the approach to study their polycrystalline behavior. The excellent agreement between experimentally obtained lattice parameters, Mo-and W-dependent nitrogen content, elastic properties and their calculated values for our model descriptions, Cr 1-x Mo x N 1-0.5x and Cr 1-x W x N 1-0.5x , allows to understand these complex material systems. Based on our results, we can conclude that their content of nitrogen vacancies scales with half of the alloying content Mo or W.2

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confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural and mechanical properties of nitrogen-deficient cubic Cr–Mo–N and Cr–W–N systems

et al. 2016

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“…Among various films, nano-multilayer or nanocomposite systems have been the focused issue [1][2][3]. Due to excellent properties in hardness, adhesive strength, wear and corrosion resistance, transition-metal nitrides are commonly applied as hard and protective films on tool steel [4][5][6][7]. In the nitride systems, chromium nitride films not only possess of the above performance, but also have superior oxidation resistance to 700°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of CrN/W2N multilayer films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Hong

et al. 2009

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…For example, ␤-WC 1−x has a higher superconducting transition temperature than that of ␤-W 2 C or ␣-WC, 4 and ␣-WC usually exhibits better wear resistance and higher hardness in comparison to W 2 C or ␤-WC 1−x . [13][14][15][16] However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the influence of N doping on the textures and phase transition for tungsten carbide thin films. Hence, it is necessary to control the preferred orientation and phase of tungsten carbide thin films for tailoring applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relatively low temperature synthesis of hexagonal tungsten carbide films by N doping and its effect on the preferred orientation, phase transition, and mechanical properties

Wang

et al. 2009

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Articles you may be interested inEffect of silver incorporation in phase formation and band gap tuning of tungsten oxide thin films Effects of substrate bias on the preferred orientation, phase transition and mechanical properties for NbN films grown by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering J. Appl. Phys. Structural and chemical phase transitions in tungsten carbide films evidenced by the analysis of their stiffness tensorsThe authors deposited N-doped tungsten carbide thin films on Si͑100͒ substrates at 500°C using direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering in a mixture of CH 4 / N 2 / Ar discharge and explored the effects of N doping on the preferred orientation, phase transition, and mechanical properties of the films by using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nanoindentation measurements. They found that N doping significantly influenced the compressive stress, which led to a pronounced change in the preferred orientation, phase structure, and hardness for the tungsten carbide film. A phase transition from ␤-WC to ␣-WC occurred when N doping was in the range of 2.9 and 4.7 at. %, meaning that ␣-WC can be obtained at relatively low temperature ͑500°C͒. To reveal the relationship between the stress and phase transition, as well as preferred orientation, the density-functional theory based on first principles was used to calculate the elastic constants and shear modulus for tungsten carbide with a structure of ␤-WC or ␣-WC. The calculated results showed that the preferred orientation depended on the competition between strain energy and surface energy, as well as the grains competitive growth, and the phase transition can be attributed to a decrease in the strain energy. The hardness of ␣-WC was harder than ␤-WC because the shear modulus for ␣-WC was larger than that of ␤-WC, whereas the bulk modulus for ␣-WC was almost equal to that of ␤-WC.

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Tungsten doped chromium nitride coatings

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Structural and mechanical properties of nitrogen-deficient cubic Cr–Mo–N and Cr–W–N systems

Structural and mechanical properties of nitrogen-deficient cubic Cr–Mo–N and Cr–W–N systems

Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of CrN/W2N multilayer films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Relatively low temperature synthesis of hexagonal tungsten carbide films by N doping and its effect on the preferred orientation, phase transition, and mechanical properties

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