Tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: A synergistic association for chromium determination in water samples

Abstract

A novel and environmentally friendly analytical method is reported for total chromium determination and chromium speciation in water samples, whereby tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WCAES) is combined with in situ ionic liquid formation dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (in situ IL-DLLME).A two stage multivariate optimization approach has been developed employing a Plackett-Burman design for screening and selection of the significant factor involved in the in situ IL-DLLME procedure, which was later optimized by means were 3 and 10 µg L -1 , respectively. This is a 233-fold improvement when 2 compared with chromium determination by WCAES without using preconcentration. The repeatability of the proposed method was evaluated at two different spiking levels (10 and 50 µg L -1 ) obtaining coefficients of variation of 11.4 and 3.6% (n=3), respectively. A certified reference material (SRM-1643e NIST) was analysed in order to determine the accuracy of the method for total chromium determination and 112.3% and 2.5 µg L -1 were the recovery (trueness) and standard deviation values, respectively. Tap, bottled mineral and natural mineral waters were analysed at 60 µg L -1 spiking level of total Cr content at two Cr(VI)/Cr(III) ratios, and relative recovery values were ranged between 88 and 112% showing that the matrix has a negligible effect. To our knowledge, this is the first time that combines in situ IL-DLLME and WCAES.

Species, Spatial-Temporal Distribution, and Contamination Assessment of Trace Metals in Typical Mariculture Area of North China

“…The annual mean concentrations of total dissolved Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in Sishili Bay were compared with those from other marine areas ( Table 1). The results for all dissolved concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn found values of the same order of magnitude as those reported for Bohai Bay (Meng et al, 2008;Mao et al, 2009), Jinzhou Bay (Wang et al, 2012), the North Yellow Sea (Tian et al, 2009), the San Francisco Bay (Flegal et al, 1991), Boston Harbor (Li et al, 2010), and the Weser estuary (Turner et al, 1992). The concentrations of Cu in Sishili Bay were comparable with those in Bohai Bay, Jinzhou Bay, and the Weser estuary but higher than concentrations in the North Yellow Sea, the San Francisco Bay, and Boston Harbor.…”

“…There are many techniques for separation and detection of TMs, including gas chromatography (Wang and Cui, 2016), capillary zone electrophoresis (Kubáň and Timerbaev, 2014), supercritical fluid chromatography (Henry and Yonker, 2006), atomic absorption spectrometry (Ribeiro et al, 2017), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Zhu et al, 2017), and atomic emission spectrometry (Vidal et al, 2016). Among the analytical techniques, electroanalytical techniques are the most universal analytical tool due to the simultaneous quantitative and qualitative determinations of TMs in various matrices with high levels of convenience and rapid and straightforward analytical processes.…”

Simultaneous Speciation Analysis of Trace Heavy Metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) in Seawater from Sishili Bay, North Yellow Sea, China

“…Separation techniques include gas chromatography (Wang and Cui 2016), supercritical fluid chromatography (Henry 2006), capillary zone electrophoresis (Kubáň and Timerbaev 2014), and so on. As to the detection techniques, atomic absorption spectrometry (Ribeiro et al 2017), atomic emission spectrometry (Vidal et al 2016), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Zhu et al 2017) are most widely used. Although these methods have many advantages, a major limitation is their requirements for a series of complex pretreatments, which are time and labour consuming.…”

Determination of Trace Elements in Cow Placenta by Tungsten Coil Atomic Emission Spectrometry

“…The first descriptions of the WCAES system were published in 2005 and 2006 [18,19]. Since then, this simple, potentially portable, and sensitive atomic spectrometric method has been successfully applied to a variety of samples and analytes [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. WCAES may represent an interesting alternative to complex and expensive methods such as inductively coupled plasma with optical or mass spectrometry detection (ICP OES and ICP-MS) for applications in trace element analysis of complex samples such as bovine placenta [28].…”