Tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflowers (&lt;I&gt;Helianthus annuus&lt;/I&gt; L.)

Johnson, David R.; Inouye, Laura S.; Bednar, Anthony J.; Clarke, Joan U.; Winfield, Linda E.; Boyd, Robert E.; Ang, Choo Yaw; Goss, Jennifer D.

doi:10.2462/09670513.939

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present investigation also, greater applied doses of W inhibited plant growth (Tables 2 and 3). Johnson et al (2009) observed a significant reduction in root-shoot length with the application of W at the level of 3900 mg g −1 or greater. Harper and Nicholas (1978) observed that tungstate (≥100 µM) inhibit the root-shoot growth and dry-matter production in nutrient growth medium where the N source was urea or nitrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of Tungsten on the Growth, Dry-Matter Production, and Biochemical Constituents of Cowpea

Kumar

Aery

2012

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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The effects of various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µg g −1 ) of tungsten (W) as sodium tungstate were observed on growth performance, dry-matter production, and selected biochemical constituents of cowpea. Lower applied doses of W promoted root-shoot length whereas greater doses retarded it. Chlorophyll contents and soluble sugars increased with lower applied doses of W. Greater applied doses of W resulted in an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. A significant gradual decrease in proline contents was observed with lower applied doses of tungsten. Tungsten contents in plant material showed a very highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation with soil-applied tungsten.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of Tungsten on the Growth, Dry-Matter Production, and Biochemical Constituents of Cowpea

Kumar

Aery

2012

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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“…Johnson et al (2009) reported a significant increment in photosynthetic pigment especially chlorophyll a and carotenoids with the application of tungsten in barley. In the present study a remarkable increment was observed in the chlorophyll contents at lower applied doses of tungsten (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tungsten on growth, biochemical constituents, molybdenum and tungsten contents in wheat

Kumar¹,

Aery²

2011

Plant Soil Environ.

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The effect of various concentrations (3, 9, 27, 81, and 243 mg/kg) of tungsten (W) on growth performance, biochemical constituents and tungsten and molybdenum (Mo) contents in wheat was observed. Lower doses (up to 9 mg/kg) of tungsten showed promotory effects whereas higher doses retarded. An increment in growth, biomass, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents was observed. Tungsten contents in root and shoot showed a very strong linear dependence on the soil applied W contents. Mo contents in plant tissue showed an increase with an increase in the W contents in plant tissue up to a threshold after which it showed an abrupt decrease. The activity of peroxidase enzyme decreased with lower application of W. Higher administration of tungsten (27-243 mg/kg) resulted in increased total phenol, free proline and activity of enzyme peroxidase.

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“…Other studies examining toxicity of sodium tungstate to terrestrial organisms [6,7] have found that tungsten compounds are only toxic to earthworms at relatively high concentrations. Toxicity was reported at slightly lower soil concentrations in sunflowers [8], which may indicate higher sensitivity in plants than terrestrial invertebrates. These results will be discussed in more detail later in the context of comparison with results of the study presented in this article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson et al [8] evaluated tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) by spiking a siltyloam field soil with metallic tungsten powder up to 6,500 mg tungsten/kg (%10,000 mg sodium tungstate/kg), and then aged for six months. The lowest significant effect (based on stem [shoot] wet wt) was observed at the lowest concentration tested (325 mg tungsten/kg soil [nominal] ¼ 519 mg sodium tungstate/kg soil).…”

Section: Seedling Emergence and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworm, oat, radish, and lettuce

Bamford

Butler

Heim

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Due to unknown effects of the potential exposure of the terrestrial environment to tungsten substances, a series of toxicity studies of sodium tungstate (Na(2) WO(4) ) was conducted. The effect on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) survival and reproduction was examined using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guideline 222. No effect on either endpoint was seen at the highest concentration tested, resulting in a 56-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of ≥586 mg tungsten/kg dry soil (nominal concentrations). The effect of sodium tungstate on emergence and growth of plant species was examined according to OECD Guideline 208: oat (Avena sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). No effects on emergence, shoot height, and dry shoot weight were observed in oats exposed to the highest concentration, resulting in a 21-d NOEC of ≥586 mg tungsten/kg dry soil. The NOECs for radish and lettuce were 65 and 21.7 mg tungsten/kg dry soil (nominal concentrations), respectively. Respective 21-d median effective concentration values (EC50) for radish and lettuce were >586 and 313 mg tungsten/kg dry soil (based on shoot height) (confidence level [CL] -8.5-615); EC25 values were 152 (CL 0-331) and 55 (CL 0-114) mg tungsten/kg dry soil. Results are consistent with the few other tungsten substance terrestrial toxicity studies in the literature.

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Tungsten bioavailability and toxicity in sunflowers (<I>Helianthus annuus</I> L.)

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of Tungsten on the Growth, Dry-Matter Production, and Biochemical Constituents of Cowpea

Effect of Tungsten on the Growth, Dry-Matter Production, and Biochemical Constituents of Cowpea

Effect of tungsten on growth, biochemical constituents, molybdenum and tungsten contents in wheat

Toxicity of sodium tungstate to earthworm, oat, radish, and lettuce

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