Tungsten‐based Nanomaterials in the Biomedical Field: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress and Prospects

Abstract

Tungsten‐based nanomaterials (TNMs) with diverse nanostructures and unique physicochemical properties have been widely applied in the biomedical field. Although various reviews have described the application of TNMs in specific biomedical fields, there are still no comprehensive studies that summarize and analyze research trends of the field as a whole. To identify and further promote the development of biomedical TNMs, a bibliometric analysis method is used to analyze all relevant literature on this topic. First, general bibliometric distributions of the dataset by year, country, institute, referenced source, and research hotspots are recognized. Next, a comprehensive review of the subjectively recognized research hotspots in various biomedical fields, including biological sensing, anticancer treatments, antibacterials, and toxicity evaluation, is provided. Finally, the prospects and challenges of TNMs are discussed to provide a new perspective for further promoting their development in biomedical research.

WO3 Nanowire-Attached Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based 1D–2D Heterostructures for Near-Infrared Light-Driven Synergistic Photocatalytic and Photothermal Inactivation of Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs

“…Figure H shows that the graphite (001) plane at 12° is missing, which we observed for GO, reported in Figure F. Instead of that, we have observed graphite (002) planes at 22.3°, clearly indicating the presence of r-GO in the heterostructure. − As reported in Figure H, we have also observed (200), (201), (220), and (221) planes for WO 3 from heterostructures. ,,− Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy images for freshly prepared GO, heterostructure, and WO 3 nanowire are reported in Figure I–K. From the FTIR spectra from the heterostructure as reported in Figure J, we can see the presence of −OH, −CH, −CO, −C–O, and −CC IR bands from r-GO as well as W–O–W IR bands from WO 3 .…”

“…At the end, the WO 3 nanowire was characterized using SEM, as shown in Figure B, which clearly indicates the 1D structure. XRD data from the freshly prepared WO 3 nanowire, as reported in Figure S2 in the Supporting Information, shows the (100), (200), (201), (220), and (221) planes for WO 3 . ,,− …”

“…After discovery, antibiotics were the medical miracle in the health system to save several millions of lives in this world from infectious diseases. − Due to the inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics, several pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella, Shigella, S. aureus, Staphylococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, and others have developed defense strategies against antibiotics, and as a result, traditional antibiotics cannot be used for the effective treatment of superbug infections. − As per the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are responsible for more than 1.3 million people death every year. − On the other hand, since bacteria are becoming antibiotic resistant against a new type of antibiotic faster than it established in the health care market, the biopharmaceutical industry is not developing a new class of antibiotics since the 1990s. − Driven by the need for society, in the current study, we report the design of a 2D reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and 1D WO 3 nanowire-based photocatalytic heterostructure for combating multiantibiotic-resistant Salmonella DT104, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli (CRE E. coli), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) superbugs.…”

“…In recent years, the photocatalytic antibacterial material holds great promise to eradicate drug-resistant bacteria via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of light. − In the case of a photocatalytic semiconductor material, due to the interaction between light electric field and dipole of the material, the electrons from the valence band (VB) move to the conduction band (CB), which generate holes (h + ) in the valence bond and electrons (e – ) in the conductance band. − Due to the strong reducing and oxidizing abilities of electrons and holes generated by the light, it produced various ROS on the semiconductor surface such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydroxy radicals ( • OH), as well as the superoxide radicals ( • O 2 – ), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). − Due to the strong absorption in the visible region, the semiconductor WO 3 -based nanomaterial with a band gap of 2.8 eV has been considered as a photocatalytic antibacterial material. ,,,,− Several experimental reports show that the antibacterial efficiency of the photocatalytic WO 3 is significantly low mainly due to the high degree of recombination process between electron (e – )–hole (h + ) pairs, which restricts WO 3 to perform redox reactions in full capacity to produce ROS. ,,,,− This recombination process is the actual obstacle for the real-life use of WO 3 as a photocatalytic antibacterial material. ,,,,− …”

Bibliometric and visual analysis in the field of ketogenic diet on cancer from 2012 to 2021

“…Bibliometric analysis has been widely used to explore developmental trends and hotspots through quantitative analysis of publications ( 15 ). To our knowledge, although the number of publications on KD in the field of cancer were increased steadily, there was no systematic review and bibliometric analysis was performed.…”