Tung oil based plasticizer and auxiliary stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

Li, Mei; Li, Shouhai; Xia, Jianling; Ding, Chengxiang; Xu, Lina; Yang, Xiaohua; Huang, Kun

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.03.025

Cited by 93 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The performance of PVC plasticized with DOP was reported in our previous study, and the results showed that DOP severely decreased the thermal stability of plasticized PVC materials, which limits the application of plasticized PVC materials in products that require a high temperature [2,12]. In order to improve the thermal stability of PVC materials and suppress the dehydrochlorination degradation of PVC, generally, heat stabilizers (including organic heat stabilizers such as epoxidized soybean oil and inorganic heat stabilizers such as zinc stearate and calcium stearate) are blended with PVC materials [31,32]. Figure 3a,b show the TGA and DTG curves of all PVC materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Biomass-Based Ester End-Capped Hyperbranched Poly(ether)s via Facile One-Pot Reaction and Their Performance as Non-Toxic Plasticizers

Shu

Jia

2020

Polymers

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The aim of this study was to develop a facile one-pot reaction for the synthesis of biomass-based hyperbranched poly(ether)s end-capped as acetate esters (BHE) for use as a sustainable, safe and feasible plasticizer for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials. BHE is completely miscible with PVC but shows weaker plasticizing effect than dioctyl phthalate (DOP) (E∆Tg value of BHE reaches 64.8%). PVC plasticized with BHE displays greater thermal stability than that of PVC or PVC plasticized with DOP materials. BHE improves the thermal stability and flexibility of PVC materials. As a plasticizer, BHE displays lower solvent extractability and greater volatilization resistance than DOP. Acute oral toxicity indicates that BHE has toxic doses of 5 g/kg, suggesting that BHE is non-toxic.Polymers 2020, 12, 913 2 of 11 exceed 69 mg/kg, which is lower than the amount of DOP that migrates from plasticized polymer products. DOP can migrate from products via volatilization and enter the human body through human respiration [5]. It is estimated that 500,000 pounds of phthalates was released to the environment from US manufacturing facilities in 1997 [6].In order to overcome the toxicity and poor migration resistance of phthalates, a series of alternative plasticizers were prepared. The strategies to prevent plasticizer migration from PVC products mainly include internal plasticized method such as covalently attaching plasticizer onto the PVC matrix [7]; making surface modifications such as gamma irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation and plasma treatment [8]; and adding nanoparticles or ionic liquid [9,10]. These alternative plasticizers include CO 2 -based polycarbonate [11], cardanol-based epoxidized plasticizers [1], epoxidized vegetable oil [12], glycerol/adipic acid hyperbranched poly(ester)s [13], and so on. Glycerol/adipic acid hyperbranched poly(ester)s are thermally stable, are fully compatible with a PVC matrix, provide effective plasticization at acceptable levels, display low migratory potential and do not accelerate degradative dehydrochlorination [13]. However, there are very few reports on the acute oral toxicity of the plasticizers for PVC.Developing bio-based products is highly important because of their low cost, reproducibility and biodegradability [14][15][16]. In this study, we synthesized biomass-based hyperbranched poly(ether)s end-capped as acetate esters (BHE) via a facile one-pot reaction using triethyl citrate as raw material. The obtained BHE, with a larger relative molecular mass and a higher branching degree, is a potential plasticizer that could overcome the shortcoming of the poor migration resistance of lower relative molecular mass plasticizers, such as triethyl citrate and phthalate plasticizers. The plasticization and migration resistance of PVC materials plasticized with BHE were investigated and compared with those of DOP. The plasticizing mechanism was explored with regards to the shift of infrared absorption peaks of ester groups and the generation of hydrogen bonds via fourier transf...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Biomass-Based Ester End-Capped Hyperbranched Poly(ether)s via Facile One-Pot Reaction and Their Performance as Non-Toxic Plasticizers

Shu

Jia

2020

Polymers

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“…Carboxyl group has the ability to form zinc or calcium salts by an acid–base reaction, then the salts could react with unstable chlorine atoms in the PVC and stop dehydrochlorination . Epoxy group can react with HCl and double bonds in PVC to form a five‐membered ether ring . All these results provide us useful laws to design thermal stabilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Tensile properties, thermal stability, and the mechanism of PVC stabilized with zinc and calcium oxolinic complexes

Shi

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two novel thermal stabilizers, zinc and calcium oxolinic complexes (Zn(Oxo)2 and Ca(Oxo)2), with superior tensile properties and notable thermal stability effect for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are reported here. The complexes are synthesized without any organic solvents, and the structures are confirmed as Zn(C13H10NO5)2·H2O and Ca(C13H10NO5)2·3H2O by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The PVC samples stabilized with the complexes show superior tensile strength and elongation at break compared with zinc and calcium stearates by tensile test. The results of Congo red test, dehydrochlorination test, and discoloration test show that: (1) Zn(Oxo)2 is better than zinc stearate as thermal stabilizer for PVC; (2) Zn(Oxo)2 and Ca(Oxo)2 show notable synergistic effect with calcium stearate and zinc norfloxacin respectively. The mechanism of the superior tensile properties and notable thermal stability effect is due to the ability of the complexes to absorbing HCl and reacting with PVC chains, which result in the special chain extension of PVC and the delay of autocatalytic effect and zipper‐like dehydrochlorination. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47004.

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“…The thermal degradation data, including initial decomposition temperature (T i ), 10% and 50% mass-loss temperatures (T 10 and T 50 ), and residue at 300 and 400 • C Polymers 2017, 9, 640 6 of 12 (R 300 , R 400 ), are summarized in Table 2. It can be observed that the initial degradation of film plasticized with pure DOP (film F0) occurred at 262.2 • C, while EGERAE displayed initial decomposition at 271.8 • C. Furthermore, the same PVC, handled the same way, was used for direct comparisons between the results of EGERAE and the results of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (EFAME), published in [27]. Compared with the TGA results of PVC film F5 plasticized with EFAME, the T i of film F4 increased from 248.4 [27] to 271.8 • C, which might be due to the molecular weight of EGERAE (412.5) being higher than that of EFAME (about 312).…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be observed that the initial degradation of film plasticized with pure DOP (film F0) occurred at 262.2 • C, while EGERAE displayed initial decomposition at 271.8 • C. Furthermore, the same PVC, handled the same way, was used for direct comparisons between the results of EGERAE and the results of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (EFAME), published in [27]. Compared with the TGA results of PVC film F5 plasticized with EFAME, the T i of film F4 increased from 248.4 [27] to 271.8 • C, which might be due to the molecular weight of EGERAE (412.5) being higher than that of EFAME (about 312). It was also shown that the T 10 and T 50 of PVC films increased when DOP was gradually replaced with EGERAE.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Environmental Epoxidized Glycidyl Ester of Ricinoleic Acetic Ester Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Polymers

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A novel renewable plasticizer based on castor oil, epoxidized glycidyl ester of ricinoleic acetic ester (EGERAE), was synthesized and applied into Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. Its molecular structure was characterized by FT-IR and 1 H NMR. The effects of replacement of petroleum-based commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) with EGERAE in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films were researched. Thermal stability, dynamic mechanical property and mechanical properties of PVC films were investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. The results indicated that this castor oil-based plasticizer was able to improve the thermal stability of PVC blends when partially of completely substituting for DOP. Furthermore, EGERAE endowed PVC resin with enhanced flexibility. In addition, the exudation, volatility and extraction resistance characteristics of plasticizers were researched. The degradation mechanism and possible interaction between EGERAE and PVC molecules in the plasticized system were also investigated.

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Tung oil based plasticizer and auxiliary stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 93 publications

References 39 publications

Preparation of Biomass-Based Ester End-Capped Hyperbranched Poly(ether)s via Facile One-Pot Reaction and Their Performance as Non-Toxic Plasticizers

Preparation of Biomass-Based Ester End-Capped Hyperbranched Poly(ether)s via Facile One-Pot Reaction and Their Performance as Non-Toxic Plasticizers

Tensile properties, thermal stability, and the mechanism of PVC stabilized with zinc and calcium oxolinic complexes

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Environmental Epoxidized Glycidyl Ester of Ricinoleic Acetic Ester Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

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