“…Photonic crystals (PhCs) (John, 1987;Yablonovitch, 1987) fabricated by top-down or bottom-up methods are being used for a growing number of applications, such as spontaneous emission control (Li et al, 2007), micro lasing (Matsubara et al, 2008;Nishijima et al, 2008), and refractive index sensing (Nishijima et al, 2007;Kita et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2008). PhCs can also be combined with plasmonics to yield new methods for controlling photo-excited processes, which for example, can result in an enhancement of fluorescence (Tawa et al, 2008).…”