Tunable single mode lasing from an on-chip optofluidic ring resonator laser

Lee, Won Suk; Li, Hao; Suter, Jonathan D.; Reddy, K. V.; Sun, Yuze; Fan, Xudong

doi:10.1063/1.3554362

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This causes an increase of the lasing thresholds which is expected to lead to suppression of modes and is often referred to as Vernier effect. 13,14 A quantitative analysis of the suppression of lasing modes of the PMs was performed by counting the total number of laser modes in the spectrum acquired by pumping PMs with coupling gaps varying from 0 to 200 nm with an energy of 30 nJ. These PMs with varying coupling-gap widths were all fabricated on a single substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes PMs especially attractive for lasing devices, as coupling of size-mismatched resonators can lead to suppression of laser modes, which has been used for the demonstration of optofluidic-and capillary-based single mode lasers. 13,14 Although the coupling between two resonators is known to play a major role for the suppression of laser modes, 13 so far no detailed experimental studies have been performed to investigate the localization of lasing whispering-gallery modes in PMs and the effect of coupling on the localization as well as on the suppression of lasing modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymeric photonic molecule super-mode lasers on silicon

et al. 2013

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Optically coupled microcavities have emerged as photonic structures with promising properties for investigation of fundamental science as well as for applications. We report on the fabrication and spatially resolved spectroscopy of on-chip photonic molecule (PM) lasers consisting of two coupled, dye-doped polymeric microdisks on a silicon substrate. We investigate the fundamental lasing properties with focus on the spatial distribution of modes, the coupling dependent suppression of lasing modes, and in particular the application-oriented operation of these devices in aqueous environments. By depositing an additional polymer layer onto the lithographically structured cavities made of dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate), coupling-gap widths below 150 nm with aspect ratios of the micro-/nanostructure exceeding 9 : 1 are achieved. This enables strong optical coupling at visible wavelengths despite relatively small resonator radii of 25 mm. The lasing properties of dye-doped PMs are investigated using spatially resolved micro-photoluminescence (m-PL) spectroscopy. This technique allows for the direct imaging of whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in the photonics molecules. For subwavelength coupling gaps, we observe lasing from delocalized eigenstates of the PMs (termed in the following as super-modes). Using size-mismatched cavities, the lasing mode suppression for different coupling-gap widths is investigated. We further demonstrate single-mode lasing operation in aqueous environments with PMs, which are realized on a low-cost, polymer-on-silicon platform.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric photonic molecule super-mode lasers on silicon

et al. 2013

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] This technique is label-free and ultra-sensitive down to the level of nanoparticles, viruses, and even single molecules. However, these two factors are normally confl icting in a single cavity.Recently, investigations on coupled WGCs have demonstrated many interesting phenomena like induced transparency and absorption, slow light, [ 15,16 ] directional and single mode emission, [17][18][19][20][21][22] and enhancement of sensor's sensitivity. However, these two factors are normally confl icting in a single cavity.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[ 25 ] Traditionally, it has been realized by confi gurations including Fabry-Pé rot (F-P) [ 25 ] and especially distributed feedback (DFB) cavities. [ 19,20 ] Coupled WGCs have been explored in microdisks, optofl uidic ring resonators, and silica/glass fi bers. The alternative solution without deteriorating the Q factor is to use coupled WGCs, in which single mode emission is generated through Vernier effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coupled Polymer Microfiber Lasers for Single Mode Operation and Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing

Chen

Sun

2013

Advanced Optical Materials

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220 wileyonlinelibrary.com COMMUNICATION www.MaterialsViews.com www.advopticalmat.deOwing to high quality ( Q ) factor and unique cavity confi guration, whispering gallery cavities (WGCs) have attracted intensive research attentions in diverse fi elds of sciences and technologies such as quantum electrodynamics, optical chaos, optical fi lters, modulators, and lasers. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Recently, WGCs have exhibited promising applications as chemical and biological sensors based on the shifting or splitting of resonance modes. [10][11][12][13][14] This technique is label-free and ultra-sensitive down to the level of nanoparticles, viruses, and even single molecules. [12][13][14] For such sensors, both high Q factor and large free spectral range (FSR) are strongly desirable. However, these two factors are normally confl icting in a single cavity.Recently, investigations on coupled WGCs have demonstrated many interesting phenomena like induced transparency and absorption, slow light, [ 15,16 ] directional and single mode emission, [17][18][19][20][21][22] and enhancement of sensor's sensitivity. [ 23,24 ] Single mode lasing is signifi cant for integrated photonics and on-chip applications. [ 25 ] Traditionally, it has been realized by confi gurations including Fabry-Pé rot (F-P) [ 25 ] and especially distributed feedback (DFB) cavities. [26][27][28] For WGCs, single mode operation can be obtained by reducing the cavity size, [ 29 ] but this method deteriorates laser Q factor. The alternative solution without deteriorating the Q factor is to use coupled WGCs, in which single mode emission is generated through Vernier effect. [ 19,20 ] Coupled WGCs have been explored in microdisks, optofl uidic ring resonators, and silica/glass fi bers. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Compared to traditional semiconductor and inorganic onedimensional cavities, organic nano/microfi bers possess simpler fabrication and better mechanical fl exibility, thus are attractive for fl exible optoelectronics and nanophotonics. [ 30,31 ] They are also easier to be assembled in arrays or ordered structures, [ 32 ] highly benefi cial for photonic systems, and have successfully employed for logic elements/circuits. [ 33 ] However, nano/ microfi ber lasers, being an important component in integrated photonic devices, have been mostly limited to waveguide effect where two endfaces of the fi ber served as refl ection mirrors. [ 32,[34][35][36][37] Generally, this mechanism has low Q factor because of poor refl ectivity of the endface refl ectors, which hinders it for practical applications, especially in biological sensors. Very recently, we have achieved high Q factor whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing, inside a circular cross-section of a straight polymer fi ber, with potential application as a sensitive refractive index sensor. [ 38 ] Further investigation of coupled fi ber structures should be important not only for improving the laser and sensor performances, but also for exploring a possibility to integrate with other components, whi...

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“…Optofluidic lasers [7][8][9] have been intensively investigated for these applications, due to their superior lasing characteristics and long-range wavelength tunability that is obtained by exchanging the liquid gain medium in the fluidic channel. However, despite a change in refractive index of the gain medium can result in a fine-tuning of the laser wavelength [10], a rapid, continuous, and fine tuning is difficult to realize, since the refractive index of an isotropic medium cannot be easily modified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-tunable liquid crystal laser based on high-Q Fabry-Pérot microcavity

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We demonstrate an electro-tunable laser based on a plano-concave (p-c) FabryPérot (FP) microcavity filled with dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) gain material. Owing to the high Q-factor of the p-c FP microcavity, the lasing threshold of the LC laser is as low as 0.58 µJ/mm 2 . The single-mode emission wavelength can be easily tuned by varying applied voltage, which induces the reconfiguration of LC molecules. Furthermore, this lasing platform operates at room temperature, thanks to the wide temperature range of the nematic LC. We believe that our LC laser is widely applicable to light sources of various micro total analysis systems. 18. M. Y. Jeong and J. Cha, "Firsthand in situ observation of active fine laser tuning by combining a temperature gradient and a CLC wedge cell structure," Opt.

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Tunable single mode lasing from an on-chip optofluidic ring resonator laser

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Polymeric photonic molecule super-mode lasers on silicon

Polymeric photonic molecule super-mode lasers on silicon

Coupled Polymer Microfiber Lasers for Single Mode Operation and Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing

Electro-tunable liquid crystal laser based on high-Q Fabry-Pérot microcavity

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