Tunable pattern-free graphene nanoplasmonic waveguides on trenched silicon substrate

Zheng, Jiajiu; Yu, Longhai; He, Sailing; Dai, Daoxin

doi:10.1038/srep07987

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…A convenient way to dynamically tune the chemical potential is applying the external gate voltage (V G ). Based on a parallelplate capacitor model, the gate-induced carrier density of graphene is given by n=-ε 0 ε d V G /ed, where ε d and d are the dielectric constant and the thickness of the dielectric spacer (here SiO 2 ), respectively [34]. Therefore, one has the following relationship μ c~VG 1/2 which reveals that the conductivity of graphene can be adjusted via modifying the gate voltage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Waveguide-Fed Tunable Terahertz Antenna Based on Hybrid Graphene-Metal Structure

Hosseininejad

Komjani

2016

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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This paper presents a novel tunable terahertz antenna based on a hybrid graphene-metal structure fed by a waveguide. First, the hybrid plasmonic waveguide is studied by analytical and numerical methods. Then, an efficient terahertz antenna is designed by an analytical approach using the transmission line model. The antenna performances are evaluated in the terahertz frequency band by a full-wave electromagnetic solver. Contrary to previous terahertz antennas based on graphene, the results show that the proposed antenna has satisfactory radiation efficiency and gain. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the reflection parameter of the antenna can be tuned by the chemical potential of graphene. The proposed antenna can be applied for terahertz applications such as wireless communication in interand intra-chip devices and sensing.

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confidence: 99%

“…Graphene samples can be prepared by mechanical exfoliation on Si wafers covered with SiO 2 and then silver layer can be fabricated by standard electron beam lithography. Then, SiO 2 , Si, and Ag as the cladding layers can be added to the structure in a similar way [34], [36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Waveguide-Fed Tunable Terahertz Antenna Based on Hybrid Graphene-Metal Structure

Hosseininejad

Komjani

2016

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…[ 20,21 ] As its conductivity can be dynamically controlled by electrostatic gating, it seems to be a good candidate for designing tunable devices and becomes a hot material in both physics and engineering. [22][23][24][25][26] Graphene-based metamaterials have been wildly demonstrated to achieve tunable devices such as absorbers, [ 27 ] antennas, [ 28,29 ] polarization converters, [30][31][32] and transformation optical devices. [ 33 ] Recently, metasurfaces based on 1D graphene nanoribbons have been demonstrated to manipulate wavefront of light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamically Tunable Broadband Infrared Anomalous Refraction Based on Graphene Metasurfaces

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2015

Advanced Optical Materials

120

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or wavelength of incident light. However, the anomalous refraction effi ciency is closely related to the resonance. The highest anomalous refraction effi ciency will occur at the resonant wavelength, and decrease when the wavelength of incident light is away from it. The highest conversion effi ciency has to be tuned to different wavebands by carefully reoptimizing and resizing the geometric parameters of the structures. This lacks fl exibility for active control, which limits its uses in practice.One way to realize the active control of the anomalous refraction effi ciency may be integrating metasurfaces with permittivity-tunable materials. [17][18][19] By external stimulus such as electric and/or magnetic fi eld, voltage, or temperature, the optical response of the integrated metasurfaces can be actively controlled. Graphene, which is a single 2D plane of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, has been demonstrated to support surface plasmon polaritons. [ 20,21 ] As its conductivity can be dynamically controlled by electrostatic gating, it seems to be a good candidate for designing tunable devices and becomes a hot material in both physics and engineering. [22][23][24][25][26] Graphene-based metamaterials have been wildly demonstrated to achieve tunable devices such as absorbers, [ 27 ] antennas, [ 28,29 ] polarization converters, [30][31][32] and transformation optical devices. [ 33 ] Recently, metasurfaces based on 1D graphene nanoribbons have been demonstrated to manipulate wavefront of light. [ 34 ] Since only the width of 1D nanoribbon is adjustable, the conductivity of the nanoribbons needs to be individually adjusted to realize the phase range covering from 0 to 2π, which is diffi cult in practical applications. However, there are more adjustable structural parameters for 2D graphene nanostructures to satisfy the phase condition. The new degrees of freedom of graphene metasurfaces may facilitate arbitrary manipulation of light wavefront by uniform conductivity and will profoundly affect a wide range of photonic applications.Here, we propose a highly tunable broadband anomalous refraction composed of periodically patterned graphene nanocrosses for circularly polarized waves in the infrared regime. We demonstrate the applicability of the scheme to generalize anomalous refraction by investigating the effect at various incident angles and different wavelengths. More importantly, the anomalous conversion effi ciency can be dynamically tuned and remain as high in a broadband frequency range by varying the Metasurfaces, which are capable of generating structure and wavelength dependent phase shift, have emerged as promising means for controlling the wavefront of electromagnetic waves. Finding new ways to realize broadband frequency response as well as maintaining high conversion effi ciency still requires research efforts. For the design of plasmonic metasurfaces, graphene represents an attractive alternative to metals due to its strong fi eld confi nement and versatile tunability. Here, a novel metasurf...

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“…Up to now, similar implementations have been widely applied in designing graphene-based waveguide structures [6,10,11]. According to the Effective Index Method (EIM) [10,12], when GPs encounter regions of graphene with different chemical potentials [ Fig.…”

Section: Models and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the Effective Index Method (EIM) [10,12], when GPs encounter regions of graphene with different chemical potentials [ Fig. 1(a)], the situation can be treated as the analogy to an incident light propagating within multiple layers composing of two different mediums and one ARC between them [ Fig.…”

Section: Models and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Analogies to Frequency-Selective Surfaces (FSS) on the Graphene Sheet

Zhu

Cryan²,

Gao

et al. 2015

Plasmonics

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In this paper we propose that two-dimensional analogies to frequency selective surfaces (FSS) can be achieved on graphene surfaces based on transformation optics. The analogies to representative FSS structures, including the anti-reflecting coating (ARC) and the high-reflecting coating (Bragg reflector) have been investigated through both the analytical Effective Index Method (EIM)/Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and numerical simulations. Both analytical and numerical solutions have shown that the propagation of plasmons on graphene surface with periodic chemical potentials can be an analogy to the interact of incident light with traditional FSS multilayer dielectric media in which the transmission or reflection can be obtained by EIM/TMM. Combined with the tunability of graphene, the transmission or reflection of plasmons can be tuned by adjusting the bias voltage. The proposed structures and theoretical methods may provide new visions for achieving two-dimensional analogies to traditional structures on graphene.

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Tunable pattern-free graphene nanoplasmonic waveguides on trenched silicon substrate

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Waveguide-Fed Tunable Terahertz Antenna Based on Hybrid Graphene-Metal Structure

Waveguide-Fed Tunable Terahertz Antenna Based on Hybrid Graphene-Metal Structure

Dynamically Tunable Broadband Infrared Anomalous Refraction Based on Graphene Metasurfaces

Two-Dimensional Analogies to Frequency-Selective Surfaces (FSS) on the Graphene Sheet

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