Tunable passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser based on Ti3C2Tx MXene as saturable absorber

Abstract

The passive generation of Q-switched pulses in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser using a Ti C T MXene based saturable absorber (SA) was demonstrated. The SA was formed using Ti AlC MAX phase as a precursor for Ti C T MXene which was obtained by etching Ti AlC using a mixture of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid. The generated pulse output was obtained at a central wavelength of nm with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of . dB at a pump power of . mW. Varying the pump power from . mW to . mW resulted in corresponding changes in the repetition rates and the pulse durations from . kHz to . kHz and . µs to . µs respectively. A pulse energy of . nJ was also obtained at the maximum pump power. Stable Q-switching could be observed up to nm tuning range starting from nm to nm. The generated outputs indicated that the Ti C T based SA can generate high quality and stable Q-switched pulses in the EDF laser cavity, and has high potential for use in various optical telecommunications applications. © Elsevier Inc.

Long-Term Stability Studies and Applications of Ti3C2Tx MXene

“…These results accord well with those reported earlier [14,33]. Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase exhibits peaks at around 250, 395, and 600 cm -1 corresponding to E 2g , E 1g , and A 1g phonon vibrational modes (indicated by green dotted lines), which match with an earlier study [34]. The images indicate the black color of the dispersed MXene in DI water on day 1.…”

Niobium carbide (Nb2C) MXene as a saturable absorber to assist in the generation of a wavelength tunable passively Q-switched fiber laser

“…All chemicals were used as received without further purification. The Nb 2 C/PVA film was fabricated by solution casting in the same manner as reported in [44] by mixing 50 mg of Nb 2 C powder with 10 ml of the IPA solution using a Hielscher UP200Ht-Handheld Ultrasonic Homogenizer probe type sonicator. This was done to obtain a homogeneous Nb 2 C solution suspension.…”

Self-induced Q-switched fiber laser using tantalum aluminum carbide as a passive modulator

“…These materials have captured significant attention due to their outstanding attributes, such as remarkable electrical conductivity, customizable electro-optical properties, and the capability to exhibit nonlinear saturable absorption [13,14]. The utilization of MXenes, specifically Ti 3 C 2 Tx-polyynyl alcohol (PVA) film SA, has enabled the successful creation of stable pulsed fiber lasers [15]. This interest in MXenes has extended to precursor materials termed MAX phase materials.…”