“…[7][8][9][10] Among them, the luminescence spectrum of Eu 3+ ion is characterized by sharp lines from 5 D 0 -7 F 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 transitions, 11,12 which is the best choice for red-luminescent components. [13][14][15][16][17][18] However, as an activator, the major weakness of Eu 3+ is low oscillation strength in the visible wavelength region (o10 À6 ) 19 because of the f-f forbidden transitions. Consequently, an appropriate host is important for Eu 3+ to achieve efficient red-luminescence via the energy transfer (CT) process.…”