TunableQ-switched erbium-doped fiber laser based on curved multimode fiber and graphene oxide saturable absorber

Abstract

A tunable Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser using a singlemode-multimode-singlemode fiber structure as a wavelength tuning filter and a graphene oxide saturable absorber is proposed and demonstrated. The system allows the Q-switched laser to be tuned between the wavelengths of 1550.78 nm and 1560.62 nm, giving a tuning range of 9.84 nm. At a Q-switched laser wavelength of 1552.75 nm, a repetition rate of 39.1 kHz and pulse width of 3.6 µs, as well as an average output power of 1.32 mW and pulse energy of 33.8 nJ at a maximum pump power of 79 mW are obtained. Radio frequency analysis shows an average signal-to-noise ratio of 38.8 dB across the measured operating wavelengths, confirming that the system is stable and reliable, with small pulse width and intensity fluctuations.

In2Se3 saturable absorber for generating tunable Q-switched outputs from a bismuth–erbium doped fiber laser

“…While the physical and chemical characteristics of 2D materials have long been studied and are well understood, the optical properties of these materials was first properly documented in graphene [7][8][9][10][11]. Since then, various other 2D materials have also been studied for their inherent optical properties, with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in particular observed to be highly suited towards photonics applications.…”

Wavelength Tuning of Multimode Interference Fiber Lasers: A Review

“…[ 27 ] A year later, in 2017, Ahmad et al, demonstrated a similar bending‐based tuning of an Er MMI fiber laser, where they achieved laser tuning over 9.8 nm, in the range from 1552 to 1562 nm, in Q‐switching (QS) operation with a single laser output. [ 28 ]…”

“…Summary of the central wavelength and the tuning range of wavelength‐tuned MMI fiber lasers tracked over time. Squares (orange) markers indicate ytterbium MMI fiber lasers: a) Selvas et al [ 13 ] b) Anzueto et al [ 14 ] c) Mukhopadhyay et al [ 29 ] d) Chakravarty et al [ 30 ] Circles (green) markers indicate Erbium MMI fiber lasers: e) Castillo et al [ 15 ] f) Castillo et al [ 16 ] g) Walbaum et al [ 26 ] h,i) Ma et al, [ 21,22 ] j) Antonio et al, [ 20 ] k) Ahmad et al [ 28 ] l) Khattak et al [ 31 ] m) Li et al [ 34 ] n) Zhang et al [ 32 ] Triangles (purple) markers indicate Thulium MMI fiber lasers: o) Ma et al [ 23 ] p) Zhang et al [ 33 ] q) Li et al [ 27 ] r) Ibarra et al [ 24 ] s,t) Sakata et al [ 25 ] u) Li et al [ 35 ] v,w) Sakata et al [ 36 ] The diamond and down triangle indicate exceptional cases where special light sources were used for Erbium, x) Antonio et al, [ 20 ] and Thulium, y) Yan et al [ 37 ] , respectively (see text for details).…”

Biological material spider silk by direct incorporation onto fiber ferrule for wavelength tunable Q-switched application

“…The wavelength tunable is constructed by the combination of a tunable filter with either an active, passive Q-switched, or mode-locked system. The tunable filter which frequently used to tune the wavelength of the pulse laser is curved multimode fiber [10], fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [11], multimode interference (MMI) filter [12], rotating mirrors in combination with a diffraction grating [13,14], sagnac interferometer [15,16], tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) [17], and tunable bandpass filter (TBF) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Passive Q-switched configuration is based on the incorporation of a saturable absorber (SA) [25].…”