Tunable high-order harmonic and dual-wavelength mode-locking in Er-doped fiber laser based on Ti₃C₂T _x -Mxene

Abstract

We demonstrate an all fiber high-repetition-rate erbium-doped ultrashort laser based on the Ti3C2T x -Mxene saturable absorber (SA), and the 56th harmonic mode-locking with a repetition rate of 622.2 MHz, a central wavelength of 1590.7 nm, and a pulse duration of 1.31 ps is achieved. Meanwhile, dual-wavelength mode-locking pulses are also realized, with the central wavelengths of 1575.6, 1587.5 nm. The results of the work indicate that Ti3C2T x -Mxene is an outstanding SA for generating ultrashort pulse or modulating the light and the diversity Mxene family can bring new vigor and vitality into advanced photonic devices.

Preparation and pulsed fiber laser applications of emerging nanostructured materials

“…[59][60][61][62][63] Through sonication exfoliation of multilayered MXenes, few-layered MXenes were obtained. [64][65][66] A suitable liquid medium is the key factor to obtain efficient exfoliation and stable dispersion of 2DLMs. Hernandez et al reported that the surface energy or surface tension of solvents needs to match that of the materials, so as to achieve effective exfoliation with a minimal energetic cost.…”

“…Ti 3 C 2 T x is the most studied MXene material for achieving the ultra-short pulses in passively mode-locked fiber lasers. 64,220,[301][302][303][304][305][306][307] Other MXenes such as V 2 CT x , [308][309][310] Ti 2 CT x , 311 Ta 2 CT x , 312 Nb 2 C, 65 Mo 2 C, 313 and Ta 4 C 3 314,315 were also employed as the SAs for ultra-short pulsed fiber laser generation. Up to now, by using MXenes as the SA, the wavelength of the obtained pulsed laser in passively mode-locked fiber lasers spans from about 1031.5 nm 316 to 1891.82 nm.…”

“…59–63 Through sonication exfoliation of multilayered MXenes, few-layered MXenes were obtained. 64–66…”

MXene Saturable Absorbers in Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser

“…In contrast to the aforementioned three microfiber structures, there is also a rather simpler method to form the SA by sandwiching the SA material such as Ti 3 C 2 T x between two fiber ferrules as depicted in Figure 7d. [ 131 ] The Ti 3 C 2 T x was processed into a composite film by mixing 10 mL Ti 3 C 2 T x supernatant with 10 mL of PVA solution, which was treated by ultrasonication for 24 h. The Ti 3 C 2 T x /PVA composite film was cut into 1 × 1 mm 2 size and placed in between two fiber ferrules to form the SA. In comparison to the microfiber based SAs, the fiber ferrule structure is simpler for handling and operation, while at the expense of shorter interaction length and lower optical damage threshold due to the physical contact between the SA materials and the fiber ferrules.…”

“…d) Fiber ferrules. Reproduced with permission [131]. Copyright 2021, The Japan Society of Applied Physics.…”