An amphiphilic dendritic polymer with polyethylenimine (PEI) as the hydrophilic core, steric ester (STA) as the hydrophobic shell, and azobenzene (AZO) groups as the photoswitchable moieties was synthesized via amidation reaction. The synthesized dendritic macromolecule was characterized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). With alternating UV and visible-light irradiation, azobenzene moieties of polyethylenimine-steric ester-azobenzene (PEI-STA-AZO) undergo a reversible isomerization between the cis and trans state. The encapsulation tests demonstrated that PEI-STA-AZO with transisomer is not capable of encapsulating anionic guests, whereas the one with cisisomers is able to encapsulate the anionic guests from the aqueous solution to the organic layer. Molecular modeling by Spartan was utilized to explain the special encapsulation property of PEI-STA-AZO. Azobenzene groups functioned as a reversible "photo-switch" in the dendritic guest−host system, and the reversibility of encapsulation capability of PEI-STA-AZO was also demonstrated. I n the realm of polymer materials, the control of architectures, properties, and functions triggered by a specific external stimulus has always been a challenging subject. 1−5 Among the numerous stimuli, such as temperature, 6,7 electrical potential, 8,9 pH, 10 and magnetic field, 11 light is particularly advantageous due to its remote activation with the spatial and temporal precision. 12−15 Over the years, lightresponsive polymeric micelle/nanoparticle/complex/films were successfully employed to the controlled release of encapsulated cargo, 16−18 heterogeneous separation of homogeneous catalyst, 14,19 and the reversible transition of surface wettability. 20,21 Compared with supramolecularly assembled micelles, covalently bonded dendritic polymers with a core−shell structure are intrinsically stable nanocarriers, which cannot easily be affected by shear force, temperature, concentration, or pressure. 22 Thus, amphiphilic dendritic polymers are excellent guest hosts for different applications, such as drug/biomolecule delivery, mixture separation, and nanocatalysis. 5,23−29 Haag et al. fabricated a series of pH-sensitive dendritic polymers as the smart host for dye, anticancer agent, DNA, or Cu 2+ ions. 23,30−32 Some other groups also demonstrated some interesting examples of pH-sensitive dendritic polymer hosts. 26,33 More recently, utilization of photosensitive dendritic polymers as the hosts was reported, while most of the research groups were focused on the supramolecular assembly of dendritic polymers. 34,35 Light-sensitive dendritic polymers employed as the single molecular hosts were reported by a few groups. 36,37 Smith and co-workers synthesized a series of photodegradable dendrons with high affinity to DNA molecules, and the multivalent interactions could be "switched off" by photodegradation. 37−39 However, the utilization of the o-nitrobenzyl groups as the photolabile groups is irreversible.The azobenzene (AZ...