Tunable electromechanical actuation in silicone dielectric film

Lamberti, Andrea; Donato, Marco Di; Chiappone, Annalisa; Giorgis, Fabrizio; Canavese, Giancarlo

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/105001

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To get an overview of the different substrate elasticities, the component ratios of Sylgard 184 were changed from 2 : 1 to 20 : 1 (base polymer to hardener component), which allowed the variation of the stiffness in the range between 0.5 and 8 MPa. [33][34][35][36] The plasma treatments were performed with N 2 and H 2 for 2 and 4 min with all substrate variations. AFM images of all tested variants are summarized in the ESI † (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling line defects in wrinkling: a pathway towards hierarchical wrinkling structures

et al. 2021

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Section: Resultsmentioning

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Controlling line defects in wrinkling: a pathway towards hierarchical wrinkling structures

et al. 2021

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“…Indeed, contrary to the standard silicon‐based electronics, stretchable devices allow easy conformal integration into deformable systems and can adapt to different shapes and surfaces. Up to now, huge efforts have been devoted to developing flexible devices for different applications, such as tactile sensors, molecular sensors and pH sensors, actuators, photodetectors, solar cells, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators, and other flexible systems . However, such wearable and skin‐like systems need to be self‐powered and the development of stretchable energy storage devices still remains very challenging.…”

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A Highly Stretchable Supercapacitor Using Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes onto Elastomeric Substrate

Lamberti

Clerici

Fontana

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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(polyimide and polyetherimide) [ 20 ] that cannot provide the suitable mechanical properties required for stretchable energystorage devices.Herein we report a simple method to transfer the LIG porous layer obtained onto polyimide sheet to a transparent and elastomeric substrate such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). Morphology and chemical-physical properties of the obtained material were deeply characterized by electron microscopy investigation, contact angle measurements and vibrational spectroscopy analysis. The as-fabricated electrodes were assembled into symmetric electrical double-layer supercapacitors and, thanks to the intrinsic mechanical properties of PDMS, the retention of energy-storage performance under bending and stretching conditions was demonstrated.The fabrication process of the LIG/PDMS electrodes is described in the experimental section (see also Supporting Information) and schematically represented in Figure 1 a-d: porous LIG pattern was obtained by a direct writing of polyimide sheet using a nanosecond CO 2 laser (a); afterward the PDMS was poured onto the written sample and the air was evacuated by a vacuum step in order to allow the full infi ltration of PDMS into the 3D network (b); after a thermal curing at 80 °C for 1 h the LIG/PDMS slide was manually peeled off from the polyimide sheet (c,d). The resulting composite material take advantage of the unique mechanical properties typical of elastomers (Figure 1 e) and of the good electrical conductivity and high surface area intrinsically present in LIG structures. Figure 1 f,g show the transparency of a logo pattern written on polyimide foil and then transferred onto PDMS slice respectively. The preservation of the electric conduction was tested by using LIG/PDMS composite to close a circuit (powering a green LED) as shown in Figure 1 h and by electrical measurements. Current-voltage characteristics shown in Figure S1 (Supporting Information) were recorded on the LIG/PDMS sample subjected to stretching in the range 0%-50%, confi rming the good maintenance of electrical properties.FESEM characterization was used to assess the morphology of the LIG sample before and after transfer onto PDMS substrate. Figure 2 a,b show the characteristic 3D foam-like structure of the laser-written LIG sample, which is composed of multilayer graphene walls. The holey foam-like structure, which is a result of the emission of gases during the irradiation process, [ 20,21 ] is actually well suited for both infi ltration with PDMS and impregnation with the electrolyte for supercapacitor application. Figure 2 c presents a cross-sectional view of a LIG sample after it is successfully transferred onto a PDMS substrate through the cast-and-peel process. Thanks to the effective infi ltration of PDMS, the LIG shows good adhesion to the underlying fl exible substrate. Moreover, as shown in Figure 2 d-f, a 3D structure of interconnected multilayer The fi eld of wearable electronics has been evolving very rapidly in the last few years due to the increasing demand for fl exi...

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“…The measured values are in line with standard Young's modulus range of PDMS from different producers. [14] Moreover, it is well known that it is possible to tune the mechanical properties of the PDMS by acting on the crosslinking degree and thus it should be possible to increase the Young's modulus by simply increasing the amount of cross-linking agent with respect to the amount of oligomer. [14] It is worth noticing that, compared to our previous work, [11] this composite material shows a lower Young's modulus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] Moreover, it is well known that it is possible to tune the mechanical properties of the PDMS by acting on the crosslinking degree and thus it should be possible to increase the Young's modulus by simply increasing the amount of cross-linking agent with respect to the amount of oligomer. [14] It is worth noticing that, compared to our previous work, [11] this composite material shows a lower Young's modulus. Indeed, from a starting value of ≈2 MPa the modulus was increased up to 7 MPa in the case of PDMS/polyimide particle composite, [11] and reduced down to a minimum value of 1.02 MPa in the present work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphenization of PDMS as Flexible Electrode for Microsupercapacitors

Zaccagnini

Ballin

Fontana

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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flexible devices is still long and full of obstacles that strongly obstruct the development of such systems. [3] Among the main limitations, it is possible to observe that there is an urgency of effective strategies to obtain conductive paths onto flexible substrates. [4] Moreover, even if the flexibility is mandatory, stretchable substrates are even more desired since the portable device sector is moving toward a wearable configuration. This implies that it is not possible to keep flexibility and stretchability separated.In this context, laser induced graphene is emerging, in the large family of graphene-based materials, [5] as one of the most promising materials for the fabrication of flexible electronic devices. [6] However, despite the endless efforts spent to develop LIG on new substrates there is a lack of stretchable polymers suitable for laser graphenization. [7] Indeed, up to now the evidence of graphenization of elastomeric substrate has never been observed.Considering the family of elastomer polymers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) represents the most popular elastomeric material in microsystem technology thanks to its attractive physical and chemical properties such as elasticity, optical transparency down to 220 nm, tunable surface chemistry, low water permeability but high gas permeability and high dielectric properties. Moreover, it is a cost-effective material and allows the development of reliable mass replication technique. [8] Unfortunately, it cannot be easily graphenized by direct laser writing because of the low amount of carbon linked to the siloxane chains, mainly consisting of methyl groups. For this reason, some research groups proposed the transfer of a LIG layer produced onto polyimide onto PDMS by simple infiltration of the uncured elastomer into the LIG network and subsequent peeling after the PDMS cross-linking. [9] This strategy allows to achieve stretchable electrodes, but strongly affects the conductivity of the transferred layer reducing its available surface area. [10] Moreover, the two-step process increases the fabrication time and complexity reducing the degrees of freedom during sample production.We recently proposed an easy way to overcome the abovementioned limitation by exploiting an innovative composite of polyimide microparticles dispersed into PDMS matrix. [11] The particles undergo a perfect graphenization during laser writing, but such procedure cannot solve all the problems previously discussed. In these composites the conductivity remains

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Tunable electromechanical actuation in silicone dielectric film

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Controlling line defects in wrinkling: a pathway towards hierarchical wrinkling structures

Controlling line defects in wrinkling: a pathway towards hierarchical wrinkling structures

A Highly Stretchable Supercapacitor Using Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes onto Elastomeric Substrate

Laser‐Induced Graphenization of PDMS as Flexible Electrode for Microsupercapacitors

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