Tunable effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation

Wang, Gaozhong; Zhang, Saifeng; Umran, Fadhil A.; Cheng, Xin; Dong, Ningning; Coghlan, Darragh; Cheng, Yi; Zhang, Long; Blau, Werner J.; Wang, Jun

doi:10.1063/1.4871092

Cited by 93 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The mechanism of SSPM in the TMDs dispersions is the same as the situation in nematic liquid crystal films and graphene [9,17,18]. According to the optical Kerr effect, the effective refractive index of the TMDs dispersions can be described by [17] n e n 0e In 2e ;…”

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confidence: 92%

“…(4) and (5), N eff is the parameter that needs to be determined in order to estimate χ 3 monolayer . Following the case of graphene [18], N eff of the TMDs nanosheets can be estimated by T N eff monolayer T total , where T total is the transmittance of the three TMDs dispersions and T monolayer is the transmittance of a TMDs monolayer. T monolayer for the MoS 2 , WS 2 , and MoSe 2 monolayers was determined to be 99.4%, 99.70%, and 99.10%, respectively [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two-dimensional MoS_2, WS_2, and MoSe_2 nanosheet dispersions [Invited]

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Photon. Res.

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157

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Liquid-phase-exfoliation technology was utilized to prepare layered MoS 2 , WS 2 , and MoSe 2 nanosheets in cyclohexylpyrrolidone. The nonlinear optical response of these nanosheets in dispersions was investigated by observing spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) using a 488 nm continuous wave laser beam. The diffraction ring patterns of SSPM were found to be distorted along the vertical direction right after the laser traversing the nanosheet dispersions. The nonlinear refractive index of the three transition metal dichalcogenides dispersions n 2 was measured to be ∼10 −7 cm 2 W −1 , and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ 3 ∼ 10 −9 esu. The relative change of effective nonlinear refractive index Δn 2e ∕n 2e of the MoS 2 , WS 2 , and MoSe 2 dispersions can be modulated 0.012-0.240, 0.029-0.154, and 0.091-0.304, respectively, by changing the incident intensities. Our experimental results imply novel potential application of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides in nonlinear phase modulation devices.

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confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two-dimensional MoS_2, WS_2, and MoSe_2 nanosheet dispersions [Invited]

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Photon. Res.

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157

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“…For experimental investigation of NLO response, self-phase modulation29303132 and Z-scan measurement203334 are the most popular experimental methods, and we chose the latter. Significant saturable absorption was observed at all of the excitation wavelengths (532 nm, 800 nm, 1050 nm and 1550 nm), which indicated their ultra-broadband saturable absorption characteristics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-broadband Nonlinear Saturable Absorption for Two-dimensional Bi2TexSe3−x Nanosheets

Wang

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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We report the ultra-broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) response of Bi2TexSe3−x nanosheets produced by a facile solvothermal method. Our result show that the extracted basic optical nonlinearity parameters of Bi2TexSe3−x nanosheets, αNL, Imχ(3), and FOM reach ~104 cm/GW, ~10−8 esu and ~10−13 esu cm, respectively, which are several orders of magnitude larger than those of bulk dielectrics. We further observed the excitation intensity dependence of the NLO absorption coefficient and the NLO response sensitivity. The mechanisms of those phenomena were proposed based on physical model. The wavelength dependence of the NLO response of Bi2TexSe3−x nanosheets was investigated, and we determined that the Bi2TexSe3−x nanosheets possess an ultra-broadband nonlinear saturable absorption property covering a range from the visible to the near-infrared band, with the NLO absorption insensitive to the excitation wavelength. This work provide fundamental and systematic insight into the NLO response of Bi2TexSe3−x nanosheets and support their application in photonic devices in the future.

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“…H. Zhang et al showed that graphene possesses the giant nonlinear refractive index of n 2 10 −7 cm 2 W −1 , almost nine orders of magnitude larger than bulk dielectrics, using the Z-scan technique on loosely stacked few-layer graphene [12]. The spatial self-phase modulation was observed directly by G. Wang et al when a focused He-Ne laser beam at 633 nm went through liquid-phase-exfoliated graphene dispersions [13]. They estimated the relative change of effective nonlinear refractive index by tuning the incident intensity or the temperature of the dispersions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Refractive Index in Rectangular Graphene Quantum Dots

2019

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Alongside its other favorable properties, the large refraction nonlinearity of graphene-related material makes it ideal for use in optoelectronics applications. Numerous experimental studies about nonlinear optical refraction have been conducted, but theoretical verification is lacking. In this paper the nonlinear refractive index for rectangular graphene quantum dots (RGQDs) was calculated using the relationship between nonlinear refractive index and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility for third harmonic generation was derived employing the electronic states obtained from the Dirac equation around K point in RGQDs under hard wall boundary conditions. Results revealed that the calculated nonlinear refractive index, n 2 , was in the magnitude of 10 −14 m 2 /W in the visible region, which is nearly five orders larger than conventional semiconductor quantum dots, while in the infrared region the nonlinear refractive index reached up to the magnitude of 10 −11 m 2 /W for M = 3M 0 sized RGQDs where the resonance enhancement occurred. The nonlinear refractive index could be tuned both by the edges and sizes.Graphene is comprised of a plane of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb lattices, and has attracted intense attention due to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties [1][2][3]. The planar geometry of graphene is advantageous to the tailoring of various nanostructures, such as one-dimensional nanoribbons [4] and zero-dimensional quantum dots [5] with desired size, edge, and shape [6][7][8]. Due to the quantum size and edge effect, the tunable electronic and optical properties make the graphene-based nanostructures promising candidates for building blocks of future opto-electronic devices [9,10]. To this end, the integrability of the graphene quantum dot combined with its large refraction nonlinearity makes it ideal for use in several applications in optical communication and signal-processing [11].Numerous experimental works have been conducted on the nonlinear refractive index in the graphene and related nanostructures. H. Zhang et al. showed that graphene possesses the giant nonlinear refractive index of n 2 10 −7 cm 2 W −1 , almost nine orders of magnitude larger than bulk dielectrics, using the Z-scan technique on loosely stacked few-layer graphene [12]. The spatial self-phase modulation was observed directly by G. Wang et al. when a focused He-Ne laser beam at 633 nm went through liquid-phase-exfoliated graphene dispersions [13]. They estimated the relative change of effective nonlinear refractive index by tuning the incident intensity or the temperature of the dispersions. By means of the ultrafast optical Kerr effect method coupled to optical heterodyne detection (OHD-OKE), E. Dremetsika's group characterized the third-order nonlinear response

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Tunable effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene dispersions during the distortion of spatial self-phase modulation

Cited by 93 publications

References 30 publications

Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two-dimensional MoS_2, WS_2, and MoSe_2 nanosheet dispersions [Invited]

Tunable nonlinear refractive index of two-dimensional MoS_2, WS_2, and MoSe_2 nanosheet dispersions [Invited]

Ultra-broadband Nonlinear Saturable Absorption for Two-dimensional Bi2TexSe3−x Nanosheets

Nonlinear Refractive Index in Rectangular Graphene Quantum Dots

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