Tunable Confinement-Deconfinement Transition in an Ultracold Atom Quantum Simulator

Cheng, Yongguang; Liu, Shang; Wang, Zheng; Zhang, Pengfei; Zhai, Hua‐Jin

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2204.06586

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Besides, by integrating versatile controllable tight-focused optical traps [38,39], we can also perform local measurements on individual atoms along different axes, satisfying the essential request of MBQC. More generally, our platform can offer new opportunities for quantum simulation of intriguing physics in lattice gauge theories [40][41][42][43][44] and exotic quantum phases in the quantum magnetism realm [45]. The capability on realizing low-entropy atom arrays together with the high-precision manipulation of single atoms may open the avenue to demonstrating practical quantum advantage [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Zhang¹,

Ming-Gen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Featuring excellent coherence and operated parallelly, ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale-up and detect multipartite entanglement due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retro-reflected bichromatic superlattices. Here we developed a new architecture based on a cross-angle spin-dependent superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderatelyseparated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation. We created and verified functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement by connecting Bell pairs to one-dimensional 10-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of 2 × 4 atoms. This offers a new platform towards scalable quantum computation and simulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Zhang¹,

Ming-Gen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…For a related work, see Ref. [95], posted to the arXiv on the same day. τ = 0, and then steadily decreases during the ramp, approaching close to zero at its end (τ = 20 ms), where the system is deep in the Z 2 symmetry-broken phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Topological $θ$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories

Halimeh¹,

McCulloch²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The topological θ-angle in gauge theories engenders a series of fundamental phenomena, including violations of charge-parity (CP) symmetry, dynamical topological transitions, and confinementdeconfinement transitions. At the same time, it poses major challenges for theoretical studies, as it implies a sign problem in numerical simulations. Analog quantum simulators open the promising prospect of treating quantum many-body systems with such topological terms, but, contrary to their digital counterparts, they have not yet demonstrated the capacity to control the θ-angle. Here, we demonstrate how a tunable topological θ-term can be added to a prototype theory with U(1) gauge symmetry, a discretized version of quantum electrodynamics in one spatial dimension. As we show, the model can be realized experimentally in a single-species Bose-Hubbard model in an optical superlattice with three different spatial periods, thus requiring only standard experimental resources. Through numerical calculations obtained from the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method and exact diagonalization, we benchmark the model system, and illustrate how salient effects due to the θ-term can be observed. These include charge confinement, the weakening of quantum many-body scarring, as well as the disappearance of Coleman's phase transition due to explicit breaking of CP symmetry. This work opens the door towards studying the rich physics of topological gauge-theory terms in large-scale cold-atom quantum simulators.

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“…The |Z 2 state also has large overlap with the scar states, preventing it from thermalization [33][34][35]. The PXP model is equivalent to this LGT model under the local gauge constraints of G l = 0 for all l, and therefore, the discussion also applies to this LGT model [16,36]. In Fig.…”

Section: One Potential Advantage Of Quantum Simulation For Studyingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the near future, when our system size is enlarged several times, it will be beyond the capability of exact diagonalization. The experimental control and detection capability developed in this work can be used to study other interesting dynamical phenomena in this system, such as string breaking [37,38], dynamical transition between quantum phases [39,40], the false vacuum decay, and the confinement-deconfinement transition [16,36,41]. The current scheme of implementing the LGT can also be extended to higher dimensions [42].…”

Section: One Potential Advantage Of Quantum Simulation For Studyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gauge theory and thermalization are both foundations of physics and nowadays are both topics of essential importance for modern quantum science and technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Simulating lattice gauge theories (LGTs) realized recently with ultracold atoms provides a unique opportunity for carrying out a correlated study of gauge theory and thermalization in the same setting [11,12]. Theoretical studies have shown that an Ising quantum phase transition exists in this implemented LGT [13][14][15][16][17], and quantum thermalization can also signal this phase transition [17]. Nevertheless, it remains an experimental challenge to accurately determine the critical point and controllably explore the thermalization dynamics in the quantum critical regime due to the lack of techniques for locally manipulating and detecting matter and gauge fields. Here, we report an experimental investigation of the quantum criticality in the LGT from both equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermalization perspectives by equipping the single-site addressing and atom-number-resolved detection into our LGT simulator. We accurately determine the quantum critical point agreed with the predicted value [13][14][15]. We prepare a |Z2 state deterministically and study its thermalization dynamics across the critical point, leading to the observation that this |Z2 state thermalizes only in the critical regime [17]. This result manifests the interplay between quantum many-body scars, quantum criticality, and symmetry breaking.

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Tunable Confinement-Deconfinement Transition in an Ultracold Atom Quantum Simulator

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Tuning the Topological $θ$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories

Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator

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