Tunable Complete Optical Absorption in Multilayer Structures Including Ge2Sb2Te5 without Lithographic Patterns

Mkhitaryan, Vahagn; Ghosh, Dhriti Sundar; Rudé, Miquel; Canet‐Ferrer, Josep; Maniyara, Rinu Abraham; Gopalan, Kavitha K.; Pruneri, Valerio

doi:10.1002/adom.201600452

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…44 Moreover, compared to the other active mediums, such as LCs, ENZ, and VO 2 , the amorphous (AM)to-crystalline (CR) state transition in the most investigated PCMs, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST225), is nonvolatility, 45,46 which makes it ideal for tunable metadevices. 28,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] For example, energy is only required for the state transition process rather than to uphold a particular state, enabling the GST225-based metasurface to be attractive from a green technology standpoint. Notably, the refractive index of the GST225 experiences the largest variation of ∼2.8 across the phase change in the NIR region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible switching of electromagnetically induced transparency in phase change metasurfaces

Mao

et al. 2020

Adv. Photon.

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Metasurface analogue of the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) that is originally observed in atomic gases offers diverse applications for new photonic components such as nonlinear optical units, slow-light devices, and biosensors. The development of functional integrated photonic devices requires an active control of EIT in metasurfaces. We demonstrate a reversible switching of the metasurface-induced transparency in the near-infrared region by incorporating a nonvolatile phase change material, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 , into the metasurface design. This leads to an ultrafast reconfigurable transparency window under an excitation of a nanosecond pulsed laser. The measurement agrees well with both theoretical calculation and finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation. Our work paves the way for dynamic metasurface devices such as reconfigurable slow light and biosensing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible switching of electromagnetically induced transparency in phase change metasurfaces

Mao

et al. 2020

Adv. Photon.

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“…In particular, unlike silica glasses, the low phonon energies of chalcogenides allow them to be transparent in the M‐IR . The fast switching between two structural states of the phase change data storage material, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST), make it ideal for active photonic devices . Notably, in the M‐IR region GST exhibits a pronounced contrast in the real part of the permittivity (ε r ), and a negligibly small ratio of the imaginary (ε i ) to the ε r , indicating low absorptive losses .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

Dong

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

126

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reduce the size of these sensors, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] since it exhibits a unique surface condition with tailored spectral properties and strong electric field enhancement, which results in a high sensitivity to the surroundings. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] To date, most approaches toward metamaterial inspired sensors are based on perfect light absorption. [17,19,22,23] However, the measurement of their reflectance makes both optical alignment and chip integration challenging. [24] Furthermore, metamaterial sensors that are designed for the M-IR are rarely discussed because robust sources, detectors, and efficient components are limited. [25] In addition, despite metamaterial sensors exhibiting excellent sensitivity at their designed frequency, demonstrations of wideband or frequency-swept detection are uncommon. This is because the metamaterial optical response is usually fixed by its dimensions and dielectric properties. [26] Consequently, measurements at different wavelengths using a single metamaterial device are impossible. Recently, metamaterials that are tuned by integrating graphene, [27] vanadium dioxide, [28] liquid crystals, [29] and metal hydrides [30] were investigated. Particularly, the graphene [27] and vanadium dioxide [28] based metasurfaces are promising for dynamically tuning plasmonic induced transparency.Note, these tuning mechanisms tend to be impractical in the M-IR region because the materials involved have a strong Drude contribution to the dielectric function. The M-IR region is, however, an important spectral band where there exists an atmospheric transparency window and molecular vibrational fingerprints. [31][32][33] Chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) have a remarkable portfolio of properties. [34][35][36] In particular, unlike silica glasses, the low phonon energies of chalcogenides allow them to be transparent in the M-IR. [37] The fast switching between two structural states of the phase change data storage material, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST), make it ideal for active photonic devices. [34,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Notably, in the M-IR region GST exhibits a pronounced contrast in the real part of the permittivity (ε r ), and a negligibly small ratio of the imaginary (ε i ) to the ε r , indicating low absorptive losses. [49,50] In addition, it is now possible to design the nanostructure of GST to achieve specific switching characteristics. [51,52] Thus, there is evidence that chalcogenide PCMs can enable practical spectroscopically programmable M-IR metamaterials.In this work, we demonstrate a phase change material tuned transmissive M-IR metasurface. The metasurface consists of an array of Au square pillars stacked above a GST switchable layer. Contrary to other metal-dielectric-metal trilayer reflective metamaterials, our design works in transmission mode by avoidingThe intense light-matter interaction of plasmonic metasurfaces provides an appealing platform for optical sensing. To date, most metasurface sensors are not spectrally tuned. Mo...

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“…[ 12,14–16 ] Because of the variability of their electrical properties (mainly resistance), PCMs have been widely used in nonvolatile electric fields, such as high‐density memories. [ 17–23 ] Because of the variability of their optical properties (mainly optical constants, [ 9,24,25 ] reflectivity, [ 26,27 ] transmission, [ 25,28,29 ] absorption, [ 30,31 ] and emissivity [ 32 ] ), PCMs been widely applied in nonvolatile photonic applications, such as all‐photonic memories, [ 26,33,34 ] active absorbers, [ 35 ] filters, [ 25 ] lenses, [ 34,36 ] sensors, [ 36 ] displays, etc. [ 26,27,37–39 ] Among the above optical applications, the PCM‐based solid‐state reflective display [ 27 ] is a revolutionary display technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Change Materials for Nonvolatile, Solid‐State Reflective Displays: From New Structural Design Rules to Enhanced Color‐Changing Performance

Tao

Wang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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can rapidly convert from amorphous to crystalline states under appropriate electrical/optical/thermal excitation. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] During transformation from amorphous to crystalline states, the chemical bonds and degree of order of PCMs change significantly. [9][10][11][12][13] As a result, their electrical and optical properties also change drastically. [12,[14][15][16] Because of the variability of their electrical properties (mainly resistance), PCMs have been widely used in nonvolatile electric fields, such as highdensity memories. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Because of the variability of their optical properties (mainly optical constants, [9,24,25] reflectivity, [26,27] transmission, [25,28,29] absorption, [30,31] and emissivity [32] ), PCMs been widely applied in nonvolatile photonic applications, such as all-photonic memories, [26,33,34] active absorbers, [35] filters, [25] lenses, [34,36] sensors, [36] displays, etc. [26,27,[37][38][39] Among the above optical applications, the PCM-based solid-state reflective display [27] is a revolutionary display technology. It has many advantages, such as high resolution, rich colors, and fast color switching over traditional technologies, such as electrophoresis and electronic ink display. The PCM-based solid-state reflective display has become the most promising portable display technology.Current research on PCM-based nonvolatile coatings for displays mainly focuses on designing multilayer film structures and improving their color-changing properties. Specifically, the related research can be roughly summarized into three aspects. First, Hosseini et al. [26,27,40] pioneered the new concept of PCMbased "non-volatile displays" in 2014, and then designed and developed Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 -and Ag 3 In 4 Sb 76 Te 17 -based four-layer display coatings with a metal/transparent dielectric/PCM/transparent dielectric structure. These coatings have high resolution, color tunability, and broad color gamut, [10] and thus can be applied to various opaque/transparent and rigid/soft substrates. Second, Cheng et al., [41,42] and Liu, [43] et al. systematically studied the effect of the thicknesses of transparent dielectric layer and Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 layer on the color rendering performance of coatings. They extended the color gamut of the coatings by optimizing the thickness of each film. Besides, they developed a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 -based three-layer film system, which could reduce With the arrival of omnimedia era, there has been an increasing demand for energy-saving, colorful, and portable displays. Traditional display technologies, such as electrophoresis and electronic ink display suffer from low color switching speed and poor color richness. Due to their high performances, phase change materials (PCMs)-based nonvolatile, solid-state reflective display coatings have become the most promising materials for new portable display technology. Existing researches mainly focus on improving the color-changing performance of coatings by optimizing film structural parameters, but ignore...

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Tunable Complete Optical Absorption in Multilayer Structures Including Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ without Lithographic Patterns

Cited by 52 publications

References 38 publications

Reversible switching of electromagnetically induced transparency in phase change metasurfaces

Reversible switching of electromagnetically induced transparency in phase change metasurfaces

Tunable Mid‐Infrared Phase‐Change Metasurface

Phase Change Materials for Nonvolatile, Solid‐State Reflective Displays: From New Structural Design Rules to Enhanced Color‐Changing Performance

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