Tunable active sites on biogas digestate derived biochar for sulfanilamide degradation by peroxymonosulfate activation

A Mini Review on Persulfate Activation by Sustainable Biochar for the Removal of Antibiotics

“…On the surface of biochar, oxygen-containing functional groups with an electron-rich nature are desirable for the mediation and promotion of redox reactions. Wang et al [ 19 ] revealed graphite N and C=O were the active sites using the linear correlations between values of log (k) and active sites ( Figure 1 c,d). Graphitic N played an essential role in PMS activation by promoting electron transfer from biochar to O 2 to produce 1 O 2 [ 68 ].…”

“…( e ) Mechanism scheme of sulfamethoxazole removal in dairy manure digestate–derived biochar (DMDB)/PMS system. Reproduced with permission from [ 19 ]. ( f ) Possible degradation pathways of enrofloxacin in sludge–derived biochar (SDBC)/PDS system.…”

“…Biochar is usually produced by the pyrolysis of biomass from plants [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], sludge [ 16 ], agricultural waste [ 17 ], and wood-processing wastes [ 18 ] under anoxic or anaerobic conditions, which can recover and re-utilize the resources in an eco-sustainable manner. Many of the physiochemical properties of biochar, such as high porosity, large surface area, abundant surface functional groups, environmental compatibility, and low cost, favor its usage in PS-AOPs to degrade antibiotics [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. To our knowledge, many reviews have focused on the utilization of biochar in soil and water remediation using PS-AOPs technology [ 11 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Insights into biochar supported atomically dispersed cobalt as an efficient peroxymonosulfate activator for sulfamethoxazole degradation: robust performance, ROS and surface electron-transfer pathways

“…It is attributed to the reaction of SO 4 ˙− with NO 3 − to produce NO 3 ˙(eqn in Text S1 †), 47 and NO 3 ˙(E 0 = 2.0-2.2 V) is less active than SO 4 ˙− (E 0 = 2.5-3.1 V). 46 The SMX degradation in four different water sources was investigated, and the results are shown in Fig. 4c.…”

Degradation of sulfadiazine in aqueous media by peroxymonosulfate activated with biochar-supported ZnFe2O4 in combination with visible light in an internal loop-lift reactor

“…6,10–14 PMS, as a source of SO 4 ˙ − in SR-AOPs, has been advantageously applied in the remediation of wastewater due to its ease of storage and convenient transportation. PMS may be activated by transition metal ions, 15 ultraviolet light, 14,16–18 heat, 19 metal oxides, 20–22 or carbonate-rich materials, 23–28 to produce highly reactive species, such as SO 4 ˙ − and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH).…”