Tumour suppressor HLJ1: A potential diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality throughout the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all diagnosed lung cancers. Despite considerable progress in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the overall 5-year survival rate of NSCLC patients remains lower than 15%. The most common causes of death in lung cancer patients are treatment failure and metastasis. Therefore, developing novel strategies that target both tumour growth and metastasis is an important and urgent mission for the next generation of anticancer therapy research. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are involved in the fundamental defence mechanism for maintaining cellular viability, are markedly activated during environmental or pathogenic stress. HSPs facilitate rapid cell division, metastasis, and the evasion of apoptosis in cancer development. These proteins are essential players in the development of cancer and are prime therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for HLJ1's role in lung cancer carcinogenesis and progression. HLJ1, a member of the human HSP 40 family, has been characterised as a tumour suppressor. Research studies have also reported that HLJ1 shows promising dual anticancer effects, inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis in NSCLC. The accumulated evidence suggests that HLJ1 is a potential biomarker and treatment target for NSCLC.© 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.Key words: Non-small cell lung cancer; Metastasis; HLJ1; Anticancer; Biomarker Core tip: HLJ1, a member of the human heat shock proteins 40 family, has been characterised as a tumour suppressor. Research studies have reported that HLJ1 shows promising dual anticancer effects, inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The accumulated evidence suggests that HLJ1 is a potential biomarker and treatment target for NSCLC. We propose a hypothetical model for the roles of HLJ1 stimulator in suppressing lung cancer tumourigenesis. Investigating the integrated and coordinated molecular mechanisms of HLJ1 may shed new light on the treatment of lung cancer. The development of drug targeting HLJ1 may be an effective approach for lung cancer therapy.Tsai MF, Wang CC, Chen JJW. Tumour suppressor HLJ1: A potential diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic target in nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Tumour-associated antigens and their anti-cancer applications

“…Research studies have reported that HLJ1, targeting HSP 40, shows promising dual anti‐cancer effects, inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Tsai et al . ). HSP27 (HSPB1), a member of the small HSP family, is also overexpressed in many types of cancer, and targeting HSP27 has shown very promising results (Hayashi et al .…”

“…While HSP90 is eventually required for the formation of client proteins, other HSP family members all play essential roles in protein folding. Research studies have reported that HLJ1, targeting HSP 40, shows promising dual anti-cancer effects, inhibiting both tumour growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Tsai et al 2014). HSP27 (HSPB1), a member of the small HSP family, is also overexpressed in many types of cancer, and targeting HSP27 has shown very promising results (Hayashi et al 2012), but currently no clinical trial has passed phase III (Katsogiannou et al 2014).…”

Identification of miRNAs and differentially expressed genes in early phase non-small cell lung cancer

“…In China, the incidence of lung cancer in the past few decades has doubled due to the aging population, smoking and decline in air quality (4). Although some treatments have achieved certain therapeutic effect, the overall 5-year survival rates of NSCLC patients is still below 15% (5). Most NSCLC patients are in mid-term and advanced stage when diagnosed, which could contribute its poor prognosis.…”

Upregulation of miR‐675‐5p induced by lncRNA H19 was associated with tumor progression and development by targeting tumor suppressor p53 in non–small cell lung cancer

“…Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Among all cases of lung cancer, 85% are non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is associated with an overall 5‐year survival rate of below 15% . About 50% to 80% of lung cancer patients suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the risk of lung cancer in COPD is estimated as up to 167 per 10 000 person‐years …”