Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide response in different categories of tuberculosis patients

Chakraborty, Uddalak; Goswami, Anupam; Saha, Sumona; Mukherjee, Tapajyoti; Dey, Subir; Majumdar, Sreeparna; Pal, Nishith Kumar

doi:10.5588/ijtld.12.0196

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Chest radiographic results of the participants, as evaluated by clinicians, were categorized into minimal/moderately advanced/far advanced/having cavities. [15] , [16] As per the WHO and Government of India collaborative guidelines, grade of sputum-smear positivity was classified into scanty/single/double/triple positive status based on microscopic findings. [17] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Treatment Outcomes and Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals of Kolkata, India

et al. 2014

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BackgroundWorldwide highest number of new pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases, was reported from India in 2012. Adverse treatment outcomes and emergence of drug resistance further complicated the prevailing scenario owing to increased duration, cost and toxicity associated with the treatment of drug-resistant cases. Hence to reinforce India’s fight against TB, identification of the correlates of adverse treatment outcomes and drug resistance, seemed critical.MethodsTo estimate the associations between diagnostic findings, patient types (based on treatment outcomes), drug resistance and socio-demographic characteristics of PTB patients, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary-care hospitals in Kolkata between April 2010 and March 2013. Altogether, 350 consenting Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum-culture positive PTB patients were interviewed about their socio-demographic background, evaluated regarding their X-ray findings (minimal/moderately advanced/far advanced/cavities), sputum-smear positivity, and treatment history/outcomes (new/defaulter/relapse/treatment-failure cases). Multiple-allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) was conducted to diagnose drug resistance.ResultsAmong all participants, 31.43% were newly diagnosed, while 44%, 15.43% and 9.14% patients fell into the categories of relapsed, defaulters and treatment-failures, respectively. 12.29% were multi-drug-resistant (MDR: resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin), 57.71% had non-MDR two-drug resistance and 12% had single-drug resistance. Subjects with higher BMI had lower odds of being a relapse/defaulter/treatment failure case while females were more likely to be defaulters and older age-groups had more relapse. Elderly, females, unmarried, those with low BMI and higher grade of sputum-smear positivity were more likely to have advanced X-ray features. Higher grade of sputum-smear positivity and advanced chest X-ray findings were associated with relapse/treatment-failures. Elderly, unmarried, relapse/defaulter/treatment-failure cases had higher odds and those with higher BMI and moderately/far advanced X-ray findings had lower odds of having MDR/non-MDR two-drug resistant PTB.ConclusionTargeted intervention and appropriate counseling are needed urgently to prevent adverse treatment outcomes and development of drug resistance among PTB patients in Kolkata.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Treatment Outcomes and Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals of Kolkata, India

et al. 2014

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“…Moreover, loculation may strengthen the inflammatory response and take part in the stimulation of monocytes. (3) The interplay between MCP and cytokines may make an increased production of MCP, and then peripheral monocyte is stimulated and recruited ( 36 , 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loculations and Associated Risk Factors of Childhood Pleural Tuberculosis

et al. 2021

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Background: Pleural loculation in childhood pleural tuberculosis (TB) remains a problem in practice, it is usually associated with failure drainage. Therefore, to improve the management of childhood pleural TB, a retrospective study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with loculated effusion in childhood pleural TB.Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2019, consecutive children (≤15 years old) with tuberculous pleural effusion (definite and possible) were included for further analysis. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features were collected from the medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with the presence of pleural loculation in children with pleural TB.Results: A total of 154 children with pleural TB (definite, 123 cases; possible, 31 cases) were included in our study and then were classified as loculated effusion (n = 27) and non-loculated effusion (n = 127) groups by chest X-ray or ultrasonography. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (age-adjusted OR = 3.903, 95% CI: 1.201, 12.683), empyema (age-adjusted OR = 4.499, 95% CI: 1.597, 12.673), peripheral monocytes ≤0.46 × 109/L (age-adjusted OR = 4.122, 95% CI: 1.518, 11.193) were associated with the presence of loculated effusion in children with pleural TB.Conclusion: In conclusion, several characteristics, such as male gender, empyema, and peripheral monocyte count have been identified as risk factors for pleural loculation in children with pleural TB. Our findings may be helpful to improve the management of pleural loculation in childhood pleural TB.

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“…iNOS knockout mice were found to be more susceptible to Mtb infection (62). Moreover, in TB patients, RNIs are capable of inactivating essential pathogenic components that limit mycobacterial persistence within the host (63, 64). The strong induction of NO production upon BG treatment may thus help counteract the limited amount of RNI produced during Mtb infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Properties of Bacterial Ghosts to Boost the Anti-mycobacterial Protective Immunity

et al. 2019

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Tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis is characterized by inadequate immune cell activation and delayed T cell response in the host. Recent immunotherapeutic efforts have been directed at stimulating innate immunity and enhancing interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells subsets to improve the protective immunity against TB. In this study, we investigated the immunostimulatory properties of bacterial ghosts (BG) as a novel approach to potentiate the host immunity against mycobacterial infection. BG are intact cytoplasm-free Escherichia coli envelopes and have been developed as bacterial vaccines and adjuvant/delivery system in cancer immunotherapy. However, BG have yet to be exploited as immunopotentiators in the context of infectious diseases. Here, we showed that BG are potent inducers of dendritic cells (DC), which led to enhanced T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector cells. BG also induced macrophage activation, which was associated with enhanced nitric oxide production, a key anti-mycobacterial weapon. We further demonstrated that the immunostimulatory capability of BG far exceeds that of LPS and involves both TLR4-dependent and independent pathways. Consistently, BG treatment, but not LPS treatment, reduced the bacterial burden in infected mice, which correlated with increased influx of innate and adaptive effector immune cells and increased production of key cytokines in the lungs. Finally and importantly, enhanced bacilli killing was seen in mice co-administered with BG and second-line TB drugs bedaquiline and delamanid. Overall, this work paves the way for BG as potent immunostimulators that may be harnessed to improve mycobacteria killing at the site of infection.

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Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide response in different categories of tuberculosis patients

Abstract: Distinct TNF-α and NO levels appear to be associated with different clinical forms of TB and might help to assess prognosis and contribute to a better understanding of underlying immunopathological mechanisms.

Cited by 10 publications

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Correlates of Treatment Outcomes and Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals of Kolkata, India

Correlates of Treatment Outcomes and Drug Resistance among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals of Kolkata, India

Loculations and Associated Risk Factors of Childhood Pleural Tuberculosis

Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Properties of Bacterial Ghosts to Boost the Anti-mycobacterial Protective Immunity

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