Tumors of the Respiratory Tract Induced by Inhalation of Bis(Chloromethyl)Ether

Laskin, Sidney; Kuschner, Marvin; Drew, Robert T.; Cappiello, Vincent P.; Nelson, Norton

doi:10.1080/00039896.1971.10665970

Cited by 117 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…I have included in this group the risk associated with bischloromethyl ether, which is widely used in the chemical industry in the preparation of ion exchange resins, although the report of the human risk (Figueroa, Raszkowski and Weiss, 1973) was published 5 years after the substance was shown to be carcinogenic in rats (Van Duuren, Goldschmidt and Katz, 1969;Laskin et al, 1971). It is evident, however, that cases of lung cancer which were predominantly oat cell in type occurred in young men employed in the plant before the experiments were started and I understand that it was the cluster of human cases that gave rise to the first experiment.…”

Section: From Yamagiwa To Todaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Part III: 7th Walter Hubert lecture. Pott and the prospects for prevention

Doll¹

1975

Br J Cancer

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Section: From Yamagiwa To Todaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Part III: 7th Walter Hubert lecture. Pott and the prospects for prevention

Doll¹

1975

Br J Cancer

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“…Chloromethylethylether was commonly used as a chloromethylating agent for providing excellent conversions and high product yields, but it is now considered to be carcinogenic and its use has been restricted since the 1940s (IARC, 1974;Laskin et al, 1971;Taylor and Laughlin, 1976). In our work, we used paraformaldehyde and chlorotrimethylsilane as chloromethylating agents and low toxicity solvents, such as N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and ethanol, instead of N,N-dimethylformamide and methanol, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecofriendly and Simplified Synthetic Route for Polysulfone-based Solid-State Alkaline Electrolyte Membrane

Pantamas¹,

Khonkeng²,

Krachodnok³

et al. 2012

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement:Recently the alkaline system for fuel cell enhance their presence because of possibility of no-precious-metal catalyst and low over potential at cathode reaction. The anion exchange membrane for alkaline membrane fuel cell should be a key technology in order to achieve the practical performance as fuel cells. Alkaline anion exchange membranes of high ionic conductivities are made from polysulfone by adding a chloromethyl pendant group to the polysulfone, follow by reacting the chloromethyl group with amine to form quarternary ammonium pendant groups which act as the counter ion for hydroxide anion. Chloromethyl methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide and methanol are commonly used as agent for providing excellent conversions, but they are now considered to be carcinogenic. To avoid the use of such hazardous materials, in our work we used paraformaldehyde, chlorotrimethylsilane, N-methylpyrrolidone and ethanol as agent for providing conversion. Approach: Polysulfone (PS) was chloromethylated using chlorotrimethylsilane as a chloromethylation reagent, resulting in the formation of Chloromethylated Polysulfone (CMPS). CMPS was converted to a quaternized form using trimethylamine and precipitated into ethanol. The powder was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, followed by aminated with a 25 wt% trimethylamine. Results: The resulting solution was cast onto a flat glass plate and dried in an oven. The membrane was immersed in KOH solution for 24 h to replace the Cl -anion in the polymer with OH -. Conclusion: The swelling behavior of polysulfone-based solid-state alkaline electrolyte membrane was closely related to the degree of water uptake (25 WU%, 7.5 SD%) and the ion-exchange capacity was 1.05 mmol g −1 , which is sufficient for electrolyte membranes used in alkaline fuel cells.

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“…Results published by S. Laskin and coworkers [9] suggest that BCME may be among the most dangerous of all known chemicals. This is certainly true for the rat.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Regardless, all users of CMME which may be contaminated by BCME are warned to adopt totally effective to form the volatile tri (trimethylsilyl) derivative [9]. This derivative was examined by GC using conditions similar to those described in this reference.…”

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confidence: 99%