Tumormarker und Prognosefaktoren bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region

Abstract

Classical prognostic factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) are based on general parameters such as tumor stage or histological grading and only allow for a rough estimation of the clinical course. However, predicting individual responses to treatment remains challenging and diverging clinical courses of same-stage HNSCC stage remain obscure. The need for a better understanding of the individual genomic or proteomic signature of HNSCC resulted in a great number of publications on novel biomarkers. Still, in most cancer centres therapy planning and risk appraisal are solely based on the classical factors with only a few exceptions such as HPV status in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Future improvements in biomarker research will probably be achieved with sets of various genomic and proteomic markers as provided by microarray technology. This review highlights the criteria for a successful biomarker candidate, gives an overview on the most important new biomarkers, and introduces the principles of genomic and proteomic biomarker chips.

The Aurora-Kinase A Phe31-Ile polymorphism as possible predictor of response to treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

“…These treatment modalities, however, do not substantially improve patient's survival or quality of life [ 10 ]. The TNM-classification plus the histological tumor grade still represent the only reliable prognostic parameters of the HNSCC disease [ 11 ]. Except for the EGFR, prognostic and predictive biomarkers have not been identified so far [ 11 ].…”

“…The TNM-classification plus the histological tumor grade still represent the only reliable prognostic parameters of the HNSCC disease [ 11 ]. Except for the EGFR, prognostic and predictive biomarkers have not been identified so far [ 11 ]. Here we analyzed the impact of the AurkA polymorphism on HNSCC cell irradiation response and the effect of specific kinase targeting.…”

Establishment and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Cell Culture Model of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)

“…Classical clinical staging parameters of the Union International Contre le Cancer (UICC; [66]), like patient-related (e.g., age, gender) and histomorphological factors (e.g., resection status, grading), are considered as established prognostic factors. Nonetheless, it still remains widely unclear, why histopathologically similar tumors behave differently with respect to tumor progression and/or response to therapies [6]. Since HNSCC development occurs as a consequence of accumulating genetic alterations, special attention is drawn to the identification of molecular mechanisms and genetic prognostic factors.…”

“…Despite ongoing developments in tumor therapy, survival rates and overall prognosis of patients suffering from HNSCC have not improved significantly during the last 30 years [4], with 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates not exceeding 50% and 61%, respectively [5]. Classical prognostic factors of HNSCC have been established concerning general parameters like tumor staging and histological grading, which unfortunately frequently fail to predict biological tumor behavior and patient survival [1,6]. As a consequence, tumor therapies still fail leading to locoregional recurrence, metastasis and/or second primary tumors [7].…”

“…Well characterized cell lines are required for the establishment of reliable cell culture systems and many HNSCC cell lines have been an invaluable tool for researchers investigating various aspects of HNSCC [12]. Particularly, studies analyzing the diverging responses of HNSCC tumor cells to therapeutic approaches are of special interest, since it is still unknown why tumors expressing similar phenotypes respond differently to therapies [6]. CAL 33 is a HNSCC cell line that was established by Gioanni et al [13] from a biopsy extracted prior to therapy from a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue of a 69-year old male.…”