Tumor Vascular Interaction in Melanomas and Neurogenesis: A Review

Abstract

Background: Melanomas arise from multipotent neural crest derivative, the melanocytes. At the tumor-stroma interphase, melanoma cells show organized neural differentiation forming tumor-vascular complexes. The present study explores the sequence of neurogenesis from aurophilic radial glial like cells in relation to angiogenesis, utilizing the tumor-vascular-complex (TVC) as a 3D model.

Melanocyte-endothelial melanomas: Plasticity and transdifferentiation in melanomas

“…The presence of near normal mitosis, normal sequential neural differentiation as well as morphometric parameters (see Figure 4D) suggest that normal cells are involved. [17][18][19][20] It is difficult to accept that angiogenic endothelial tubes can normalize the highly pleomorphic melanoma cells so drastically on contact.…”

“…[3,16] There is a regimented differentiation in the TVCs, beginning with glial differentiation of the innermost layer of cells followed by expression of indoleamines [serotonin (L2: 71.8%; L3: 62.8%); melatonin (L2: 60.9%; L3: 64.1%)], hormones [PRL (L2: 42.5%; L3: 39.8%); HGH (L2/L3: 48.6%)] in the middle layers, associated with mitotic activity. [17][18][19][20] The outer layers express the neural markers NFP (L4: 52.2%; L5: 50.6%) and Syn (L4: 63%; L5: 64.1%); catecholamines: DA, (L3/4: 75%); NA (L3: 70%; L4: 80%; L5: 60%) enzyme DO (L4: 84.9%; L5: 96.9%), Pigment (L5: 60%). and ACTH (L4: 64.2%; L5: 61.6%) (see Figure 4C, a-c) [17][18][19] and are associated with very few mitotic figures.…”

“…[17][18][19][20] The outer layers express the neural markers NFP (L4: 52.2%; L5: 50.6%) and Syn (L4: 63%; L5: 64.1%); catecholamines: DA, (L3/4: 75%); NA (L3: 70%; L4: 80%; L5: 60%) enzyme DO (L4: 84.9%; L5: 96.9%), Pigment (L5: 60%). and ACTH (L4: 64.2%; L5: 61.6%) (see Figure 4C, a-c) [17][18][19] and are associated with very few mitotic figures. [20] …”