“…Mutations in HRAS, KRAS, and EGFR have also been detected in cSCC, emphasizing the role of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in development of cSCC (Ratushny et al, 2012). Recently, previously unreported markers for progression of cSCC have been identified and characterized (Farshchian et al, 2011(Farshchian et al, , 2015Liu et al, 2013;Riihilä et al, 2014Riihilä et al, , 2015Trimmer et al, 2012), but understanding of the molecular basis of cSCC progression from premalignant lesion (actinic keratosis, AK) to cSCC in situ (cSCCIS) and eventually to invasive cSCC remains incomplete.…”