Tumor‐related leukocytosis predictive of recurrence and survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the prognostic values of tumor‐related leukocytosis (TRL) as a reliable biomarker predictive of recurrence and survival after definitive surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods This retrospective study involved 322 patients who underwent tumor extirpation combined with neck dissection for treatment‐naïve OSCC between 2006 and 2014. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between TRL and pathological variables. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to find associations between factors and disease‐free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS). Results TRL was significantly related to advanced disease status, tumor size, invasion depth, poor differentiation, and T and N classifications, resulting in increased post‐treatment recurrence rate, particularly in the distant site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only the T classification was significantly associated with baseline TRL (p = 0.018). Multivariate analyses also showed that the tumor depth of invasion, pathological N classification, extranodal extension, and TRL remained the independent variables predictive of DFS and OS (all p < 0.05). TRL was related to a more than twofold increased risk of post‐treatment recurrence and mortality. Conclusions TRL is associated with advanced tumor disease and increased recurrence and mortality in OSCC patients.

Treatment regimens and survival among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from Mizo tribal population in northeast India – a single centre, retrospective cohort study

“… 11 Leucocytosis has been linked to tumour recurrence and metastasis after surgery in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oropharyngeal cancer. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 In another study by Jensen and colleagues demonstrated that pre-treated leucocytosis and neutrophilia were associated with a poor response to radiotherapy. 30 Several studies have indicated leucocytosis and neutrophilia to be predictors of poor OS and PFS in other cancers, such as anal, oesophageal and lung cancers.…”

“… 10 Numerous studies have also related leucocytosis and neutrophilia to the outcome of HNSCC after evaluating different therapeutic strategies. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 This study aimed to investigate each of the aforementioned parameters and their relationships with the cohort's response to the treatment regimen.…”

Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma: case report and systematic review of the literature

“…The occurrence of TRL, a paraneoplastic syndrome, has been reported in 10%–20% of cancer patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. It has been observed that TRL does not respond well to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, leading to poor survival outcomes ( 56 , 57 ). The general characteristics and treatments are summarized in Table 1 .…”