2019
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-09777-y
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Tumor pH and metastasis: a malignant process beyond hypoxia

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Cited by 136 publications
(101 citation statements)
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“…For example, pH levels can reect variations in the local, regional, and systemic acid-base balance which is related to health and disease. 48 Furthermore, the variation in pH values can reect the activity of many physiological, biological and medical processes such as enzymatic reaction, tumour metastasis, 49,50 wound healing 51,52 cellular growth 13,53 etc. Therefore, in situ assessment of the pH levels of body uids, such as sweat, tears, urine and saliva could provide the relevant information necessary for the early detection of many diseases.…”
Section: Importance Of Wearable Ph Sensing For Health Monitoringmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, pH levels can reect variations in the local, regional, and systemic acid-base balance which is related to health and disease. 48 Furthermore, the variation in pH values can reect the activity of many physiological, biological and medical processes such as enzymatic reaction, tumour metastasis, 49,50 wound healing 51,52 cellular growth 13,53 etc. Therefore, in situ assessment of the pH levels of body uids, such as sweat, tears, urine and saliva could provide the relevant information necessary for the early detection of many diseases.…”
Section: Importance Of Wearable Ph Sensing For Health Monitoringmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chronic acidosis, such as hypoxia, induces LD formation in cancer cells in the primary tumor microenvironment, with TGF-β2 as a key signaling actor to drive LD biogenesis through the uptake of FAs. Furthermore, TGF-β2-stimulated LD accumulation promotes acidosisadapted cancer cell invasiveness by inducing EMT, which represents a prerequisite to support distant metastatic spreading 114,115 . In addition, primary tumor cells produce exosomes that deliver various kinds of functional molecules, including metabolites (lipids and regulatory proteins), contribute to MDSC recruitment in secondary target organs and are taken up by organ-specific cells to prepare the PMN 116 .…”
Section: The Priming Phasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lactate accumulation and extracellular matrix acidification due to the enhanced glycolytic rate can promote EMT by regulating the expression of EMT-related proteins (25). Moreover, extracellular acidosis can activate matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play a crucial role in the degradation of extracellular matrix and subsequent invasion of cancer cells into the vascular wall (26). The increase in the levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal, as well as the overexpression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2), have also FIGURE 1 | The effects of metabolic reprogramming in cancer development and metastasis.…”
Section: Metabolic Reprogramming and Metastatic Potential Of Tumor Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%