Tumor Necrosis Factor α Up-regulates Non-lymphoid Fas-ligand following Superantigen-induced Peripheral Lymphocyte Activation

Nonlymphoid Fas ligand in peptide-induced peripheral lymphocyte deletion

“…Recently we demonstrated that T cell-derived tumor necrosis factor is necessary and sufficient for induction of FasL in IECs in response to SEB (37). Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor has been shown to contribute to peripheral deletion of TCR transgenic T cells (38).…”

How apoptosis got the immune system in shape

“…Therefore, the first model of AICD suggested that up-regulation of CD95L on activated T cells leads to either suicide or fratricide. However, an alternative hypothesis explained AICD in vivo based on the fact that non-lymphoid tissue responds to lymphocyte infiltration and TNF-a stimulation with up-regulation of CD95L [65,66]. This mechanism is thought to keep the destructive force of the immune system in check by inducing a localized temporary immunologically privileged state.…”

Egr Family Members Regulate Nonlymphoid Expression of Fas Ligand, TRAIL, and Tumor Necrosis Factor during Immune Responses

“…For FasL gene expression, primers were located in separate exons in genomic DNA in order to eliminate the possibility of genomic DNA contamination. Sequence-specific primers for murine FasL, TNF, ␤-actin, 18S, and luciferase were previously described (35). Specific forward and reverse primers were, respectively, as follows: murine TRAIL, 5Ј-CCTCTCGGAAAGGGCAT TC-3Ј and 5Ј-TCCTGCTCGATGACCAGCT-3Ј; Egr-1, 5Ј-GGCGATGGTGG AGACGAGT-3Ј and 5Ј-CGGCCAGTATAGGTGATGGG-3Ј; Egr-2, 5Ј-TCTC CGTGCCAGAGAGATCC-3Ј and 5Ј-GAGGACAGGGAAACGGCTTT-3Ј; Egr-3, 5Ј-CACTGGAGACCATCAAGGCC-3Ј and 5Ј-GGGCAGGCTGCCGA A-3Ј; TRAIL-R2, 5Ј-TGCTGCTCAAGTGGCGC-3Ј and 5Ј-GGCATCCAGCA GATGGTTG-3Ј; human FasL, 5Ј-CAGTCCACCCCCTGAAAAAAAA-3Ј and 5Ј-CCAGAGGCATGGACCTTGAG-3Ј; 18S, 5Ј-ACATCCAAGGAAGGCAG-CAG-3Ј and 5Ј-TCGTCACTACCTCCCCGG-3Ј; LacZ, 5Ј-AATGGCTTTCGC TACCTGGA-3Ј and 5Ј-CCATCGCGTGGGCGTA-3Ј; green fluorescent protein (GFP), 5Ј-TGGCCCTGTCCTTTTACCAG-3Ј and 5Ј-TTTTCGTTGGGA TCTTTCGAA-3Ј; Renilla, 5Ј-AATTTGCAGCATATCTTGAACCATT-3Ј and 5Ј-GGATTTCACGAGGCCATGAT-3Ј.…”

“…Such tissues include the lung, liver, and small intestine. More recently, we demonstrated that expression of FasL on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is induced by TNF in response to antigen (35). TNF-induced FasL expression in IEC was found to depend on activation of NF-B and its effect on the FasL promoter.…”